Table 1. Genetic disorders or variants that have been associated with adverse effects following immunization.
| Condition | Vaccine | Possible disease | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary immunodeficiency (AGG, CID, CVID, HGG, SCID) | OPV | Vaccine-derived polio | 115 |
| Primary immunodeficiency (SCID) | Rotavirus | Severe persistent diarrhoea,
vomiting, failure to thrive |
116– 118 |
| Primary immunodeficiency (SCID) | BCG | Severe tuberculosis, death | 119, 120 |
| Primary immunodeficiency (CD8 deficit,
dysgammaglobulinaemia) |
MMR | Encephalitis | 121 |
| Polymorphisms of MBL and TLR receptors of innate
immunity |
BCG | Osteitis | 122, 123 |
| Polymorphism of purine receptor P2X7. | BCG | BCG lymphadenitis | 124 |
| Polymorphism of IL17A | BCG | Osteitis | 125 |
| Specific haplotypes in the MTHFR and IFR1 | Smallpox | Generalized skin eruptions | 126 |
| Specific haplotypes in the IL1 and IL18 genes | Smallpox | Systemic symptoms, fever | 127, 128 |
| Polymorphism of IL-4 | Smallpox | Decreases susceptibility to
systemic adverse events |
127, 129 |
| SCN1A mutations | DTP | Epileptic encephalopathy | 103, 130, 131 |
| SCN1A, SCN1B or PCDH19 mutations (Dravet syndrome) | DTP, DtaP, and MMR | Epileptic seizures, autism-like
symptoms |
104, 132, 133 |
| Polymorphisms of interferon-stimulated gene IFI44L and
CD46 (receptor for measles virus) |
MMR | Febrile seizures | 101 |
| SCN2A mutations | MMRV | Episodic ataxia, impaired
speech development |
134 |
| Mutations in the catalytic subunit of PI3K | Varicella | Disseminated varicella | 135 |
| Mutation in IL17R | Varicella | Disseminated varicella | 136 |
| Polymorphisms in chemokine receptor CCR5 and its ligand
RANTES genes |
Yellow fever | Viscerotropic disease, multiple-
organ system failure |
137 |
| HLA-DQB1*06:02 and polymorphism of T-cell receptor-alpha | AS03 adjuvanted
A/H1N1 |
Narcolepsy | 138, 139 |
| Polymorphism of GDNF-AS1 | AS03 adjuvanted
A/H1N1 |
Narcolepsy | 139 |
| HLA-DRB1*01 | Aluminium-hydroxide
adjuvanted vaccines |
Macrophagic myofasciitis | 140 |
| HLA-DRB1 (*01:01, *03:01, *04:01,*13:01, *15:01) | Hepatitis B | Autoimmunity | 62, 141, 142 |
| HLA-DRB1*1102/1132, DRB3*0202/0202,
DQA1*0505/0505, DQB1*0301/0301 |
Hepatitis B | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 70 |
| Type 1 GSD | Any | Hypoglycaemia | 143 |
| Mitochondrial dysfunction, increased aspartate
aminotransferase and serum creatine kinase |
DTP; Haemophilus
i. B; MMR; polio; varicella |
Autism | 144 |
AGG: agammaglobulinaemia; CID: combined immunodeficiency; CVID: common variable immunodeficiency; HGG: hypogammaglobulinaemia; SCID: severe combined immunodeficiency; MBL: mannose-binding lectin; TLR: toll-like receptor; MTHFR: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; IRF1: interferon regulatory factor-1; SCN1A: sodium channel, voltage-gated, type I, alpha subunit; PCDH19: protocadherin 19; P2X7 is a purine (ATP) receptor; IL17R: interleukin-17 receptor; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; AS03: adjuvant systems 03 (oil-in-water emulsion); GDNF-AS1: glial-derived neurotrophic factor antisense RNA-1; GSD: glycogen-storage disease.