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. 2020 Mar 9;270:118853. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118853

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Fig. 8 — Algae schematic photoinactivation: (A) Initial interaction of nanoparticles and algae; (Aa) the drawing shows the attachment of the Nps on the membrane surface; (Ab) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata control without Nps; (Ac) titanium dioxide nanoparticles on P. subcapitata. (B) Probable Nps penetration pathways: (Ba) diffusion facilitated through porins; (Bb) endocytosis; (Bc) lipid peroxidation. (C) photoinactivated algae; (Ca) membrane disruption by lipid peroxidation and inhibition of DNA replication; (Cb) green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii control; (Cc) copper oxide nanoparticles in C. reinhardtii, Nps inside the cell and around of chloroplasts and vacuoles. (Adapted with permission from Refs [182,187]).