Fig. 4.

The effect of LiCl on cell apoptosis analyzed by fluorescence staining. The cell apoptosis was analyzed after the cells were infected by LiCl-treated PEDV or after PEDV-infected cells were treated with LiCl at maximum non-toxic concentration. The green fluorescence signals are designated as the index of early apoptosis and the red fluorescence signals are designated as the index of late apoptosis. A representative staining picture regarding the effect of LiCl with maximum non-toxic concentration on the early apoptosis (24 h post-infection) and late apoptosis (48 h post-infection) are shown in Panel A and Panel B, respectively. Scale bar, 200 μm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)