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. 2019 Jun 20;125:176–184. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.06.012

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Fig. 1 — (A, B) Cells isolated from canine adipose tissues were characterized before their use in this study by flow cytometry analysis (A), as well as adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation analysis (B). (C) Canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAT-MSCs) stimulated with TNF-α released higher concentrations of immunomodulatory factors such as TSG-6 and PGE2 compared to levels released by naive cAT-MSCs. Results are shown as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. ***P < .001.