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Canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAT-MSCs) stimulated with TNF-α showed enhanced therapeutic effects on mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Therapeutic abilities of cAT-MSCs were assessed by measuring body weight changes (A), disease activity index (B), colon length (C), and histopathologic analysis (D). Four to six mice per group were used. Results are shown as the mean ± standard deviation. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001.
