Table 4.
Concentrations of viruses in untreated wastewater as determined by cell culture assay (greatest values known).
| Maximum Concentration of virus per liter | Method of assay | Cell line | Location | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 276,000 | PFU; 80–100% efficiency | PMK; human amnion | San Diego, California, United States of America | England et al., 1964 |
| 210,000 | TCID50 | PMK | Johannesburg, South Africa | Malherbe and Strickland-Cholmley, 1967 |
| 1,106,000 | PFU; direct inoculation | BGM | Haifa, Israel | Buras, 1976 |
| 95,000 | TCID50 | PMK | Worcester and Pietermaritzburg, South Africa | Grabow and Nupen, 1972 |
| 210,000 | IF; reovirus only | Mouse L929 | Dugway, UT, United States of America | Adams et al., 1982 |
| 463,500 | TCID50 | PMK | Windhoek, Namibia | Nupen et al., 1974 |
IF = infectious foci; PMK = primary monkey kidney; BGM = Buffalo green monkey.