Table 1. Overview of the healthcare expenditures and productivity losses attributable to Low Back Pain (LBP) in Brazil, from 2012 to 2016, percentages of costs were referenced (%) to the total amount (direct plus indirect costs), for each year.
| Components | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | Total 2012–2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | % | % | % | |||||||
| Healthcare expenses | |||||||||||
| Inpatient Care (in US$): | |||||||||||
| Hospital Services | 50,208,543 | 10.9 | 55,325,724 | 11.9 | 55,503,601 | 11.8 | 39,486,153 | 10.6 | 32,937,233 | 6.9 | 233,461,254 |
| Professional Services | 8,351,664 | 1.8 | 8,655,584 | 1.9 | 8,343,792 | 1.8 | 6,306,466 | 1.7 | 5,511,082 | 1.2 | 37,168,588 |
| ICU | 1,741,554 | 0.4 | 1,815,920 | 0.4 | 2,069,947 | 0.4 | 1,460,922 | 0.4 | 1,319,926 | 0.3 | 8,408,269 |
| Companion Stay | 164,071 | <0.1 | 179,188 | <0.1 | 194,470 | <0.1 | 173,731 | <0.1 | 162,113 | <0.1 | 873,573 |
| Total Inpatient | 60,465,832 | 13.1 | 65,976,416 | 14.2 | 66,111,810 | 14.1 | 47,427,272 | 12.7 | 39,930,354 | 8.4 | 279,911,684 |
| Outpatient Care (in US$): | |||||||||||
| Diagnostic Procedures | 22,573,833 | 4.9 | 20,250,153 | 4.3 | 18,838,016 | 4.0 | 16,886,794 | 4.5 | 16,024,856 | 3.4 | 94,573,652 |
| Clinical Services | 21,648,258 | 4.7 | 19,351,600 | 4.2 | 16,518,009 | 3.5 | 14,732,768 | 4.0 | 14,372,056 | 3.0 | 86,622,691 |
| Surgery | 31,941 | <0.1 | 32,444 | <0.1 | 21,368 | <0.1 | 12,013 | 0.0 | 11,892 | <0.1 | 109,658 |
| Orthoses and prostheses | 363,741 | 0.1 | 324,739 | 0.1 | 294,221 | 0.1 | 216,615 | 0.1 | 219,126 | <0.1 | 1,418,441 |
| Complementary actions | 108,789 | <0.1 | 72,525 | <0.1 | 58,636 | <0.1 | 54,213 | 0.0 | 33,345 | <0.1 | 327,507 |
| Total Outpatient | 44,726,562 | 9.7 | 40,031,461 | 8.6 | 35,730,250 | 7.6 | 31,902,402 | 8.6 | 30,661,275 | 6.4 | 183,051,951 |
| Total healthcare costs | 105,192,394 | 22.8 | 106,007,877 | 22.8 | 101,842,060 | 21.7 | 79,329,674 | 21.3 | 70,591,629 | 14.8 | 462,963,635 |
| Productivity losses | |||||||||||
| Lost days off work: | |||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 88.0 (62.5) | 83.9 (56.0) | 83.3 (53.9) | 87.1 (57.1) | 99.9 (73.4) | ||||||
| Sum | 11,751,650 | 11,771,427 | 11,977,032 | 9,870,608 | 13,741,707 | 59,112,424 | |||||
| Lost productivity costs (in US$) | 355,539,135 | 77.2 | 359,887,195 | 77.2 | 367,714,625 | 78.3 | 293,349,002 | 78.7 | 407,481,561 | 85.2 | 1,783,971,518 |
| Total societal costs (in US$) | 460,731,529 | 100.0 | 465,895,072 | 100.0 | 469,556,686 | 100.0 | 372,678,676 | 100.0 | 478,073,190 | 100.0 | 2,246,935,153 |
ICU: Intensive care unit; SD: Standard deviation.