Table 2. Average marginal effects of BMI on self-reported diabetes status: Probit and IV-Probit model estimates for married couples sub-sample.
| Probit Model | IV-Probit Model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marginal Effects | WHO International BMI Classification | WHO Asian BMI Classification | WHO International BMI Classification | WHO Asian BMI Classification |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Overweight or Obese Individuals | 0.0032*** (0.0004) | 0.0028*** (0.0003) | 0.0148*** (0.0038) | 0.0115*** (0.0028) |
| Non-Overweight Individuals | 0.0016*** (0.0001) | 0.0014***(0.0001) | 0.0046*** (0.0008) | 0.0036*** (0.0005) |
| Difference# | 0.0016*** (0.0002) | 0.0014*** (0.0002) | 0.0101*** (0.0030) | 0.0079*** (0.0023) |
| Controls | Yes | Yes | ||
| State Fixed Effects | Yes | Yes | ||
| Observations | 43202 | 43202 | ||
| Wald chi2 | 1010.93 | 234600.29 | ||
| P-Value | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||
| Pseudo R2 | 0.1072 | |||
| Wald test of exogeneity, chi2 | 18.73 | |||
| P-Value | 0.0000 | |||
| First Stage | ||||
| F–statistic | 153.28 | |||
| R2 | 0.2038 | |||
*** represents significance at 1% significance level.
Delta-Method standard errors are reported in parentheses. “The delta method is used to estimate the standard errors of a non-linear function of model parameters (such as Ordered Probit, Probit or IV-Probit models). The delta method finds a linear approximation of the non-linear function to calculate the variance” [41].
# Difference is ME(Overweight and Obese)–ME(Non-Overweight).
Probit and IV-Probit models do not include marital status as a control. Marital status is omitted in the restricted sample as the sample comprises of only married individuals.
Controls include individual and household characteristics, behavioural risk factors and eating habits.
Individual and household characteristics include age, gender, education, bank account, household characteristics such as wealth quintile, religion, caste, insurance, below poverty line, family structure, number of household members and region.
Behavioural risk factors include smoking cigarette, smoking pipe, chewing tobacco, snuffing, smoking cigar, chewing paan or gutkha, chewing paan with tobacco and drinking alcohol.
Eating habits include daily or weekly consumption of fried foods and aerated drinks.