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. 2020 Apr 1;15(4):e0229716. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229716

Table 4. Average marginal effects of BMI on ordinal blood glucose levels: Ordered Probit model estimates based on full sample data.

Ordered Probit Model
WHO International BMI Classification WHO Asian BMI Classification
Marginal Effects Blood Glucose ≤ 140 141 ≤ Blood Glucose ≤ 200 Blood Glucose > 200 Blood Glucose ≤ 140 141 ≤ Blood Glucose ≤ 200 Blood Glucose > 200
Normal Blood Glucose Prediabetes Diabetes Normal Blood Glucose Prediabetes Diabetes
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Overweight or Obese -0.0068*** (0.0001) 0.0048*** (0.00009) 0.0020*** (0.00005) -0.0061*** (0.0001) 0.0044*** (0.00008) 0.0017*** (0.00004)
Non-Overweight Individuals -0.0035*** (0.00005) 0.0027*** (0.00004) 0.0007*** (0.00001) -0.0031*** (0.00004) 0.0025*** (0.00004) 0.0006*** (0.00001)
Difference# -0.0034*** (0.00008) 0.0021*** (0.00005) 0.0013*** (0.00003) -0.0029*** (0.00007) 0.0019*** (0.00004) 0.0011*** (0.00003)
Controls Yes
State Fixed Effects Yes
Observations 748,995
Wald chi2 26968.90
P-Value 0.0000
Pseudo R2 0.0901

*** represents significance at 1% significance level.

Delta-Method standard errors are reported in parentheses.

# Difference is ME(Overweight and Obese) – ME(Non-Overweight).

Controls include individual and household characteristics, behavioural risk factors and eating habits.

Individual and household characteristics include age, gender, education, marital status, bank account, household characteristics such as wealth quintile, religion, caste, insurance, below poverty line, family structure, number of household members, region and time since last ate and drank.

Behavioural risk factors include smoking cigarette, smoking pipe, chewing tobacco, snuffing, smoking cigar, chewing paan or gutkha, chewing paan with tobacco and drinking alcohol.

Eating habits include daily or weekly consumption of fried foods and aerated drinks.