Table II.
Bacteria and viruses in sputum and nasal swab samples at the time of acute infection and at control or follow-up visits
| Sputum at acute infection | Nasal swab at acute infection | Sputum at control | Nasal swab at control | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single bacteria | ||||
| Moraxella catarrhalis | 10 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Two bacteria | ||||
| M catarrhalis + H influenzae | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| H influenzae + S aureus | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Bacterial and viral coinfection | ||||
| S pneumoniae + rhinovirus | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| S pneumoniae + parainfluenza type 1 virus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| S pneumoniae + H influenzae + enterovirus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| M catarrhalis + rhinovirus | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| M catarrhalis + adenovirus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| M catarrhalis + parainfluenza type 1 virus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| M catarrhalis + S pneumoniae + rhinovirus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| M catarrhalis + rhinovirus + adenovirus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| M catarrhalis + S agalactiae + rhinovirus + metapneumovirus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| H influenzae + rhinovirus | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| H influenzae + enterovirus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| H influenzae + influenza | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Single virus | ||||
| Rhinovirus | 6 | 14 | 7 | 24 |
| Coronavirus | 4 | NS | 1 | NS |
| Adenovirus | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| RSV | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Enterovirus | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Two or 3 viruses | ||||
| Rhinovirus + adenovirus | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Rhinovirus + enterovirus + metapneumovirus | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Rhinovirus + metapneumovirus + coronavirus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Enterovirus + metapneumovirus | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Metapneumovirus + coronavirus | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Adenovirus + parainfluenza type 2 virus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
NS, Not studied.