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. 2019 Jan 24;124:9–16. doi: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.01.009

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Fig. 1 — The biosynthetic pathway of lycopene in the recombinant E. coli. The last three reactions do not exist in E. coli but was introduced into E. coli in this study. Dxs, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase; Dxr, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; IspD, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-d-erythritol synthase; IspE, 4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase ; IspG, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase; IspH, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase; IDI, isopentenyl-diphosphate Δ-isomerase; IspA, geranyl diphosphate farnesyl diphosphate synthase; CrtE, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase subunit; CrtB, phytoene synthase ; CrtI, phytoene dehydrogenase ; G3P, 3-phospho-d-glycerate; DXP, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate; MEP, 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate; CDP-ME, 4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol; MEC, 2-phospho-4-(cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol; HMBPP, 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; GPP, geranyl diphosphate; FPP, (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate; GGPP, geranylgeranyl diphosphate.