Fig. 3.

Effect of the marine-sourced fucoidan solution (MFS) on chemokine release (CCL5, CCL22, CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL8) by human bronchial epithelial cells. Bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with the MFS or NaCl 0.9% (control) for 1 h, followed by 24 h in culture medium in the absence or presence of Poly(I:C) 10 μg·mL⁻¹. Data correspond to the mean ± SEM of 6 to 12 independent paired experiments. The significance thresholds were *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.