Table 2.

Effects of a marine-sourced fucoidan solution (MFS) on the production of cytokines by human bronchial epithelial cells.

Human bronchial epithelial cells were incubated for 1 h in the presence of a Marine-sourced fucoidan solution (MFS) or sodium chloride 0.9% (control) before being stimulated with Poly (I:C) (10 μg·mL⁻¹) for 24 h. The concentrations of the cytokines are expressed in pg/10⁶ cells. The data correspond to the mean ± SEM for the number (n) of independent experiments indicated. nd: not determined.

Cytokine	n	Control	MFS	POLY (I:C)	MFS + POLY (I:C)
IL-1α	6	137 ± 53	116 ± 47	740 ± 290⁎	374 ± 121⁎
IL-1β	10	54 ± 28	nd	138 ± 30⁎	69 ± 19⁎⁎
TNF-α	12	17 ± 5	nd	542 ± 146⁎⁎	301 ± 74⁎⁎⁎
IL-6	6	824 ± 410	1138 ± 454⁎	37,436 ± 11274⁎	22,876 ± 8503⁎
IL-12/IL-23	3	604 ± 247	602 ± 277	501 ± 208	654 ± 355
CCL2	6	182 ± 90	394 ± 209	2112 ± 541⁎⁎	1950 ± 579
CCL5	6	18 ± 8	11 ± 5	4556 ± 1552⁎	3781 ± 1219⁎
CCL20	6	546 ± 249	1036 ± 223⁎	4722 ± 891⁎⁎	4840 ± 756
CCL22	12	7 ± 2	nd	41 ± 11⁎	14 ± 2⁎⁎
CXCL1	6/10	49,377 ± 11,668	55,568 ± 10,827	142,614 ± 35149⁎	109,981 ± 23871⁎⁎
CXCL5	12	267 ± 103	nd	2927 ± 643⁎⁎	1871 ± 522⁎⁎⁎
CXCL8	6	4985 ± 1554	6819 ± 1860⁎	81,956 ± 19093⁎⁎	67,256 ± 20169⁎

^⁎p < 0.05 (significant treshold for MFS vs. Control).

^⁎⁎p < 0.01 (significant treshold for Poly(I:C) vs Control)

^⁎⁎⁎p < 0.001 (significant treshold for MFS + Poly(I:C) vs Poly(I:C)).