Table 2.

Summary of function and phylogenetic distribution of PRDX subfamily in different cancer types

PRDX type	Cancer type	Effects	Results	Mechanisms	Reference
PRDX1	Breast cancer	Anti-tumor effect	Suppress the tumor	-PRDX1 interacts with the c-Myc oncogene and suppresses its transcriptional activity -PRDX1 protects the tumor suppressive function of PTEN phosphatase	Egler et al., 2005; Cao et al., 2009
		Tumor promoting effect	Enhance the risk of cancer	-PRDX1 increases risk of local recurrence after radiotherapy -PRDX1 enhances the transactivation potential of NF-κB in ER-deficient breast cancer cells	O’Leary et al., 2014
	Oral squamous cell carcinoma	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes cancer	-PRDX1 induces hypoxia of oral cancer -PRDX1 upregulates hemeoxygenase 1 and activates NF-κB pathway	Yanagawa et al., 2000, Yanagawa et al., 2005
	Bladder cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Increase the proliferation of cancer cells	-PRDX1 regulates the cell cycle by upregulation of phosphorylation of NF-κB subunit	Quan et al., 2006
	Lung cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes tumorigenesis and enhance the drug resistance	-PRDX1 promotes Lung cancer progression - PRDX1 enhances radiotherapy resistance and drug resistance through suppression of FOXO1 induced apoptosis	Hwang et al., 2013, Jiang et al., 2014a, Jiang et al., 2014b
	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes tumorigenesis	PRDX1 activates mTOR/p70S6K pathway	Gong et al., 2015
	Prostate cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes cancer	PRDX1 interacts with androgen receptor and enhances its transactivation	Chhipa et al., 2009, Park et al., 2007
	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes the angiogenesis	PRDX1 expression is correlated with angiogenesis factors such as VEGF expression and microvesel density	Sun et al., 2013
	Pancreatic cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes the angiogenesis	PRDX1 upregulates pancreatic cancer invasion by modulating p38 MAPK signaling	Taniuchi et al., 2015
PRDX2	Colorectal carcinoma	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes tumorigenesis	-PRDX2 promotes cell growth and inhibit apoptosis -PRDX2 upregulates Wnt/β-catenin pathway	Lu et al., 2014a, Lu et al., 2014b
	Prostate cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes cancer	PRDX2 regulates the AR activity and involved in the proliferation of AR-expressing prostate cancer cells	Shiota et al., 2011
	Breast cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Enhance the drug resistance	PRDX2 increases the drug resistance	Wang et al., 2014a, Wang et al., 2014b
PRDX3	Breast cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Increase the proliferation of cancer cells	PRDX3 regulates cell cycle and cell proliferation	Chua et al., 2010
	Prostate cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Enhance the risk of cancer	PRDX3 is upregulated in antiandrogen-resistant tumours and increases resistance to oxidative stress and pro-apoptotic pathway	Whitaker et al., 2013
	Cervical carcinoma	Tumor promoting effect	Increase the proliferation of cancer cells	PRDX3 is increased in cervical carcinoma consistent with cell proliferation marker, ki-67	Hu et al., 2013
	Thymoma	Tumor promoting effect	Enhance the drug resistance	PRDX3 enhances drug resistant role against drug induced oxidative stress	Nonn et al., 2003
	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Tumor promoting effect	Enhance the risk and promotes tumorigenesis	-PRDX3 increases the cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis -PRDX3 is involved in chemotherapeutic resistance	Wang et al., 2014a, Wang et al., 2014b
	Ovarian cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Enhance the drug resistance	-PRDX3 inhibits cisplatin induced apoptosis by down regulation of proapoptotic proteins and upregulation of NF-κB pathway	Wang et al., 2013
PRDX4	Lung cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes tumorigenesis	PRDX4 binds with Srx and the Srx-PRDX4 axis contributes the maintenance of lung tumor phenotype by AP-1 and MAPK signaling pathway	Wei et al., 2011
	Leukemia	Tumor promoting effect	Enhance the risk of cancer	PRDX4 promotes signal transduction from a myeloid growth factor receptor	Zhang et al., 2004
	glioblastoma	Tumor promoting effect	Enhance the risk and promotes tumorigenesis	PRDX4 increases the cell growth and radiation or drug-resistance	Kim et al., 2012
	Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes the metastasis	PRDX4 increases cell migration and/or metastasis	Chang et al., 2011a, Chang et al., 2011b
	Colorectal cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes the metastasis	PRDX4 expression is correlated with depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis	Yi et al., 2014
PRDX5	Breast cancer	Anti-tumor effect	Protect from breast cancer	-PRDX5 expression is downregulated in tumor samples obtained from Sudanese breast cancer patients -PRDX5 expression via DNA binding factor (GATA1) repression increases protective function in breast cancer cells	Elamin et al., 2013 Seo et al., 2012
	Grave’s disease	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes the disease	PRDX5 expression is directly correlated with the functional status of epithelial cells	Gérard et al., 2005
PRDX6	Ovarian cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Enhance the drug resistance	PRDX5 attenuates cisplatin induced apoptosis	Pak et al., 2011
	Liver cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes tumorigenesis	PRDX6 reduces peroxide-induced cell death	Eismann et al., 2009
	Lung cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes lung tumor development	-PRDX6 promotes lung tumor development via its mediated and CCL5-associated activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. -PRDX6 promotes lung tumor progression via its GPx and iPLA2 activities. -PRDX6 promotes invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells. -PRDX6 promotes lung cancer cell invasion by inducing urokinase-type plasminogen activator via p38 kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and Akt	Ho et al., 2010, Jo et al., 2013, Yun et al., 2014a, Yun et al., 2014b, Yun et al., 2015c, Yun et al., 2015b, Yun et al., 2015a
	Gastric cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes the metastasis and enhance the drug resistance	-PRDX6 is highly upregulated in metastatic gastric cancer cells, which are relatively resistant to TRAIL as compared with primary cancer cells.	Choi et al., 2011
	Breast cancer	Tumor promoting effect	Promotes the metastasis	-PRDX6 leads to a more invasive phenotype and metastatic potential in human breast cancer through regulation of the level of uPAR, Est-1, MMP-9, RhoC and TIMP-2 expression.	Chang et al., 2007