Table 3.

MERS-CoV-induced cytopathic effects in Vero cells on day 3 post-infection at different concentrations of mycophenolic acid, ribavirin, and interferons.

Drug concentration	Test 1	Test 2	Test 3
Mycophenolic acid (μg/ml)
0.001	4+	4+	4+
0.004	4+	4+	4+
0.016	1+	1+	1+
0.063	–	–	–
0.250	–	–	–
1.000	–	–	–
4.000	–	–	–
16.000	–	–	–
Ribavirin (μg/ml)
0.098	4+	4+	4+
0.390	4+	4+	4+
1.560	4+	4+	4+
6.250	4+	4+	4+
25.000	2+	2+	1+
100.000	–	1+	1+
400.000	–	–	–
1600.000	–	–	–
Intron A (IU/ml)
4.578	4+	4+	4+
18.311	4+	4+	4+
73.242	4+	4+	4+
292.969	4+	4+	4+
1171.875	4+	4+	4+
4687.500	4+	4+	4+
18,750.000	3+	4+	4+
75000.000	–	1+	–
Avonex (IU/ml)
4.578	4+	4+	4+
18.311	4+	4+	4+
73.242	4+	4+	4+
292.969	4+	4+	4+
1171.875	4+	4+	4+
4687.500	1+	2+	4+
18,750.000	T	3+	3+
75,000.000	–	T	T
Rebif (IU/ml)
15.260	4+	4+	4+
61.040	4+	4+	4+
244.140	4+	4+	4+
976.560	3+	3+	3+
3906.250	1+	1+	2+
15,625.000	T	1+	3+
62,500.000	T	T	T
250,000.000	T	T	T
Betaferon (IU/ml)
3.050	4+	4+	4+
12.210	4+	4+	4+
48.830	1+	1+	2+
195.310	1+	1+	1+
781.250	T	T	T
3125.000	T	T	T
12,500.000	T	T	T
50,000.000	T	T	T

Remarks: -, negative; 1+ is defined as 1%–25% involvement; 2+ is defined as >25%–50% involvement; 3+ is defined as >50%–75% involvement; 4+ is defined as >75% involvement; T, drug-induced toxic effects in Vero cells.