Orleans 1998.

Methods	Setting: Community, USA Recruitment: African American smokers calling a Cancer Information Service telephone counselling line in response to a targeted campaign
Participants	1422 African American smokers; average age not stated, 62% in 20 to 39‐year age group, median cpd 20
Interventions	∙ 36‐page Pathways to Freedom guide and tailored TC. Guide used African American models and addressed specific obstacles ∙ Standard guide Clearing the Air and standard NCI TC
Outcomes	Abstinence at 6 months, 7‐day point prevalence, telephone questionnaire (12 months' abstinence also assessed in a sample of 445 smokers) Validation: none
Notes	Test of population targeting; counselling was also different for the 2 groups At 12 months, results showed significant differences (15.0% vs 8.8% for the sample selected for follow‐up)
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomised by last digit of caller's contact phone number; risk of bias probably low
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Presumably recruited before phone number and thus allocation known, so risk of bias probably low
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Self‐reported outcomes from participants not blinded to treatment condition; intervention includes personal contact with tailoring in one group
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	37% lost to follow‐up at 6 months No differential dropout Meta‐analysis includes non‐responders as smokers