Table 3.

Immunoassay methods for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBAg) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) determination in serum samples using NPs

Analyte	NPs	Assay format	Detection system	Limit of detection (LOD)	Ref.
HBAg	Eu(III)-chelate/silica	Sandwich	Time-resolved fluorimetry	23 pg/ml	[43]
	Au/magnetic	Sandwich	Photometry	–	[51]
	Au	Direct	Potentiometry	1.3 ng/ml	[52]
	Au	Direct	Potentiometry	15 ng/ml	[53]
			Amperometry	5 ng/ml
	Au	Direct	Amperometry	0.2 ng/ml	[54]
IL-6	Au	Sandwich	Chemiluminescence	0.5 pg/ml	[55]
	Au	Direct	Conductivity	10 pg/ml	[56]
	Au	Direct	Amperometry	1 ng/ml	[57]