Table 6.

Effect of contacted time on inactivation of SARS-CoV in wastewater with high-concentration disinfectants^a

Disinfectants	Contacting time (min)	Inactivation rate (%)			Free residue chlorine (mg/L)
		SARS-CoV	f2 phage	E. coli (8099)
Chlorine
	1	100	0	23.09	0.59
	5	100	13.78	99.969	0.57
	10	100	11.20	99.998	0.51
	20	100	48.67	99.9998	0.50
	30	100	78.24	100	0.53
Chlorine dioxide
	1	94.37	13.78	100	19.10
	5	100	23.46	99.9998	17.59
	10	100	17.65	99.998	13.99
	20	100	48.97	99.998	10.91
	30	100	68.78	100	5.86

^aConcentration of chlorine was 20 mg/L and chlorine dioxide was 40 mg/L. SARS-CoV, 10^1.75TCID₅₀/ml; f₂, 2.9 × 10⁵ pfu/L; E. coli, 5.5 × 10⁵ cfu/L; temperature, 20 °C. Results from three experiments.