Table 4.2.

Real-time RPA methods based on fluorescence detection using portable fluorometers.

Organism	Target	Sample	Kit/extra reagents	Amp. time (min)	T (ºC)	LOD	Ref.
Hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus	ssDNA	Shrimp hepatopancreas	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	39	4 copies	[106]
Francisella tularensis	dsDNA	Hare and rabbit	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	42	<20 copies	[107]
Orientia tsutsugamushi	dsDNA	Human blood, mice	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	39	50 copies	[68]
Rickettsia typhi	dsDNA	Human plasma spiked with R. typhy cells	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	39	40 copies	[68]
Vibrio owensii	dsDNA	Shrimp hepatopancreas	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	39	2 copies	[108]
White Spot syndrome virus	dsDNA	Shrimps	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	39	5 copies	[15]
Mycoplasma capricolum	dsDNA	Pleural fluid and lung tissue	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	42	50–500 copies	[48]
Brucella	dsDNA	Serum	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	38	3 copies	[109]
Biothreat agent panel	dsDNA and RNA	Inactivated whole organisms spiked into plasma	TwistAmp Exo kit, TwistAmp Fpg kit, Transcriptor	<10	42	16–21 copies	[110]
Rift Valley fever virus	RNA	RNA isolated from cell culture	TwistAmp Exo kit, reverse transcriptases: Transcriptor, Sensiscript, MuLV	8	42	10 copies	[18]
Foot and mouth disease virus	RNA	Heart, blood, serum, milk, saliva, and vesicular materials from cattle, buffalo, and sheep	TwistAmp Exo kit, Transcriptor and TwistAmp Exo RT kit	<10	42	≈1500 copies	[19]
Bovine coronavirus	RNA	Nasal and fecal swabs	TwistAmp Exo kit, Transcriptor	10–20	42	<20 copies	[111]
Plum pox virus	RNA	Peach, apricot, plum, cherry tree leaves	AmplifyRP XRT, XRT probe	15	39	16 fg	[83]
Dengue Virus	RNA	Plasma	TwistAmp Exo kit, Transcriptor	3–8	42	14–241 copies	[112]
Ebola Virus	RNA	Oral swabs, plasma spiked with inactivated virus	TwistAmp Exo RT kit	15	42	5 copies	[113]
Avian influenza H5N1 HA	RNA	Tracheal swabs from chicks	TwistAmp Exo RT kit	20	42	1 copies	[114]
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus	RNA	Extracted RNA provided others	TwistAmp Exo kit, Transcriptor	10	42	10 copies	[115]
Schmallenberg virus and Bovine viral diarrhea virus	RNA	Serum, infected cell culture supernatant, whole blood and homogenized tissue	TwistAmp Exo kit, Transcriptor	20	42	50,000 copies	[116]
Chikungunya virus	RNA	Culture supernatant and plasma	TwistAmp RT Exo kit	15	39	80 copies	[117]
Ebola virus	RNA	Blood and swabs	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	42	10 copies	[46]
Yellow fever virus	RNA	Cell culture supernatant and mosquitos	TwistAmp Exo RT kit	<20	39	21 copies	[80]
GMO: rice	dsDNA	Rice	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	39	500 copies	[118]
Streptococcus pneumoniae	dsDNA	Blood	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	40	4 copies	[119]
HIV-1	dsDNA	Infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells	TwistAmp Exo kit	<20	39	3 copies	[120]
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	dsDNA	Sputum and respiratory washes	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	39	6,5 fg	[121]
MRSA	dsDNA	Nasal and groin swabs	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	39	–	[54]
GMOs	dsDNA	Maize, rice, cotton and soybean	TwistAmp Exo kit	15–25	39	100 copies	[122]
Group B streptococcus	dsDNA	Vaginal swabs	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	40	6–12 copies	[123]
Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis	dsDNA	Blood, sperm, feces and tissues	TwistAmp Exo kit	15	42	16 copies	[124]
Lumpy skin disease virus	dsDNA	Skin nodules and skin	TwistAmp Exo kit	15	42	179 copies	[125]
GM soybean	dsDNA	Seeds	TwistAmp Exo kit RR2Y (primers and probes included)	20	39	10 copies	[10]
Leishmania donovani	dsDNA	Skin	TwistAmp Exo kit	15	42	39 copies	[62]
Influenza A (H7N9) virus	RNA	In vitro transcribed RNA standards	TwistAmp RT Exo kit	10	42	10–100 copies	[94]
Dengue virus	RNA	Culture supernatant, patient serum	TwistAmp RT Exo kit	<20	40	10 copies	[126]
Vibrio cholerae	dsDNA	Shrimp, clamps and fishes	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	39	5 copies	[127]
Feline herpesvirus 1	dsDNA	Nasal and ocular swabs	TwistAmp Exo kit	20	39	100 copies	[128]
Type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory síndrome virus	RNA	Lymph node, lung, spleen and liver	TwistAmp RT Exo kit	20	40	690 copies	[129]