Table 1.

The comparison of neutralization titers between VSV–NiV–GFP and live-NiV based assays.

Species	No.	Origin	Ref.	ELISA	Neutralization titer
					VSV–NiV–GFP	Live-NiV
Human	1	NiV outbreak	1	+	>1,280	15
	2	HeV outbreak	2	+	1,280	20
	3			+	1,280	20
	4	Negative control	–	−	<10	<10
	5			−	<10	<10
Fruit bat	1	NiV experimental infection	3	+	>640	240
	2			+	>640	80
	3			+	>640	160
	4	Negative control		−	<10	<10
Horse	1	HeV outbreak	2	+	>1,280	240
	2			+	>1,280	240
	3			+	>1,280	480
	4			+	160	15
	5			+	>1,280	240
	6			+	>1,280	240
	7			+	>1,280	160
	8	Negative control	–	−	<10	<10
Cat	1	NiV experimental infection	4	+	160	<10
	2			+	>640	640
	3			+	>640	640
	4	Negative control	4	−	<10	<10
Rabbit	1	NiV-F DNA immunization	5	+	40,960	320
	2			+	164,840	480
	3	NiV-G DNA immunization	5	+	40,960	960
	4			+	40,960	1280
	5	Negative control	5	−	<10	NT
	6			−	<10	NT
	7			−	<10	NT
	8			−	<10	NT
Pig	1	NiV experimental infection	6	+	>1,280	60
	2			+	>1,280	240
	3			+	>1,280	240
	4	Negative control	6	−	<10	<10
	5			−	<10	<10
	6	NiV outbreak in Malaysia	1	+	80	<20
	7			+	640	60
	8			+	>1,280	240
	9			+	>1,280	80
	10			+	640	80
	11			+	640	40
	12			+	640	80
	13			+	640	30
	14			+	640	60
	15			+	320	20
	16			+	160	30
	17			−	<10	<20
	18	Japanese field-A αJEV (−)	7	−	5	NT
	19			−	<5	NT
	20			−	5	NT
	21			−	<5	NT
	22			−	5	NT
	23			−	5	NT
	24			−	5	NT
	25			−	5	NT
	26	Japanese field-B αJEV (+)	7	−	40	<10
	27			−	40	<10
	28			−	10	<10
	29			−	20	<10
	30	JEV experimental infection	8	−	<10	<10
	31			−	<10	<10
	32			−	<10	<10
	33			−	<10	<10
	34			−	<10	<10

(1) Chua et al. (2000), (2) Murray et al. (1995), (3) Middleton et al. (2007), (4) McEachern et al. (2008), (5) see Section 2, (6) Middleton et al. (2002), (7) provided by Dr. T. Takasaki (Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan, (8) Williams et al. (2001).