Table 3. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of PCV10 pneumococcal carriage in association with participant characteristics in four cross-sectional carriage surveys pre-PCV10 (2012) and annually thereafter (2013–2015) in Fiji (n = 7,962).
| Exposure | PCV10 carriagea n / N (%) | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCV10 vaccination status | 0.043 | 0.002 | ||||
| Not vaccinated | 629 / 6875 (9.2) | ref | ref | |||
| Vaccinatedb | 79 / 1087 (7.3) | 0.78 (0.61–0.99) | 0.58 (0.41–0.82) | |||
| Survey year | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Pre-PCV10 (2012) | 275 / 1975 (13.9) | ref | ref | |||
| 1 year post-PCV10 (2013) | 216 / 2022 (10.7) | 0.74 (0.61–0.89) | 0.74 (0.60–0.91) | |||
| 2 years post-PCV10 (2014) | 102 / 1987 (5.13) | 0.33 (0.26–0.42) | 0.40 (0.30–0.53) | |||
| 3 years post PCV10 (2015) | 115 / 1978 (5.8) | 0.38 (0.30–0.48) | 0.46 (0.35–0.61) | |||
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Fijian of Indian Descent | 147 / 3206 (4.6) | ref | ref | |||
| iTaukei | 561 / 4756 (11.8) | 2.78 (2.31–3.36) | 2.70 (2.21–3.30) | |||
| Participant group | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Caregivers | 41 / 2029 (2.0) | ref | ref | |||
| Infants (5–8 weeks) | 121 / 1946 (6.2) | 3.21 (2.24–4.61) | 3.60 (2.45–5.30) | |||
| Toddlers (12–23 months) | 277 / 1972 (14.1) | 7.92 (5.67–11.07) | 9.76 (6.67–14.37) | |||
| Children (2–6 years) | 269 / 2015 (13.4) | 7.47 (5.34–10.44) | 7.65 (5.32–11.00) | |||
| Residential location | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
| Rural | 304 / 3880 (7.8) | ref | ref | |||
| Urban | 404 / 4082 (9.9) | 1.29 (1.11–1.51) | 1.34 (1.13–1.58) | |||
| Participant sex | <0.001 | 0.772 | ||||
| Male | 352 / 3358 (10.5) | ref | ref | |||
| Female | 356 / 4604 (7.7) | 0.72 (0.61–0.84) | 0.98 (0.82–1.16) | |||
| Number of children < 5 years living in the householdc | <0.001 | 0.040 | ||||
| Less than two | 283 / 4035 (7.0) | ref | ref | |||
| Two or more | 425 / 3924 (10.8) | 1.61 (1.38–1.88) | 1.20 (1.01–1.43) | |||
| Family income leveld | <0.001 | 0.004 | ||||
| Not low | 207 / 3175 (6.5) | ref | ref | |||
| Low | 463 / 4518 (10.3) | 1.64 (1.38–1.94) | 1.31 (1.09–1.57) | |||
| Symptoms of URTI | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Not present | 435 / 5903 (7.4) | ref | ref | |||
| Present | 273 / 2059 (13.3) | 1.92 (1.64–2.26) | 1.42 (1.19–1.70) | |||
| Household cigarette smoke | <0.001 | 0.031 | ||||
| No exposure | 283 / 3689 (7.7) | ref | ref | |||
| Exposure | 425 / 4273 (10.0) | 1.33 (1.14–1.56) | 1.21 (1.02–1.43) | |||
| Antibiotic use in previous fortnighte | 0.012 | 0.367 | ||||
| Not used | 663 / 7610 (8.7) | ref | ref | |||
| Used | 44 / 348 (12.6) | 1.52 (1.09–2.10) | 0.84 (0.58–1.22) | |||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PCV10, ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; URTI, upper respiratory tract infection.
a Pneumococcal serotypes included in PCV10 (serotypes 1, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F)
b Two doses of PCV10 given before the age of 12 months, or one or more doses of PCV10 given at or after 12 months of age [35]
c Data on number of children under five years living in the household were missing for three participants, of whom none were PCV10 pneumococcal carriers
d Weekly family income below the basic needs poverty line (<FJ$175 per week) [28]; data on family income were missing for 269 participants, of whom 38 were PCV10 pneumococcal carriers
e Data on antibiotics use were missing for four participants, of whom one was a PCV10 pneumococcal carrier.