Table 4.

Markers of Cardiometabolic Health and Hormone Concentrations Transgender Females Compared With Cisgender Females and Males

	Transgender Female (n = 11)	Cisgender Female (n = 23†)	Transgender Female (n = 13)	Cisgender Male (n = 24†)
Age	16.2 ± 1.2	16.0 ± 1.3	16.2 ± 1.4	16.1 ± 1.6
BMI (%)	55 ± 34	58 ± 30	46 ± 37	45 ± 36
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	107 ± 12	113 ± 7	106 ± 11	116 ± 8**
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	70 ± 7	66 ± 7	70 ± 6	67 ± 5
Inverse of fasting insulin (mL/μU)	0.066 ± 0.02	0.098 ± 0.045	0.078 ± 0.025	0.142 ± 0.064*
HOMA-IR	3.8 ± 2.1	2.8 ± 1.4	3.4 ± 2.2	2.1 ± 1.2*
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	89 ± 5	82 ± 12	90 ± 4	86 ± 6
Hemoglobin A1C (%)	5.2 ± 0.4	5.0 ± 0.2	5.2 ± 0.4	5.1 ± 0.3
AST (U/L)	37 ± 4	23 ± 6***	37 ± 4	34 ± 18
ALT (U/L)	25 ± 5	26 ± 6	24 ± 5	32 ± 21
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	148 ± 23	145 ± 20	152 ± 22	136 ± 25
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	77 ± 34	74 ± 21	81 ± 34	97 ± 30
HDL (mg/dL)	49 ± 10	46 ± 10	50 ± 10	43 ± 6*
LDL (mg/dL)	83 ± 20	84 ± 20	85 ± 20	74 ± 22
Total estradiol (pg/mL)	98 ± 135	96 ± 127	124 ± 162	23 ± 9**
Total testosterone (ng/dL)	224 ± 182	43 ± 10***	252 ± 214	412 ± 168*
LH (mIU/mL)	3.6 ± 3.2	---	3.5 ± 2.9	---
FSH (mIU/mL)	2.1 ± 1.9	---	1.9 ± 1.8	---
SHBG (nmol/L)	49 ± 36	50 ± 30	50 ± 48	40 ± 16
Free androgen index	33 ± 36	5 ± 3**	36 ± 34	37 ± 16

Values are given as mean ± SD. Of the 11 transgender females compared with cisgender females and the 13 compared with cisgender males, 10 are in both comparisons. BP = blood pressure, LH = luteinizing hormone, FSH = follicle stimulating hormone, †means and standard deviations are reported for the 11 matched sets for cisgender females and 13 matched sets for cisgender males, *P < 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001 (p-values represent significance from log-transformed variables when relevant)