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. 2019 Sep 23;105(3):e704–e714. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz029

Table 4.

Markers of Cardiometabolic Health and Hormone Concentrations Transgender Females Compared With Cisgender Females and Males

Transgender Female (n = 11) Cisgender Female (n = 23†) Transgender Female (n = 13) Cisgender Male (n = 24†)
Age 16.2 ± 1.2 16.0 ± 1.3 16.2 ± 1.4 16.1 ± 1.6
BMI (%) 55 ± 34 58 ± 30 46 ± 37 45 ± 36
Systolic BP (mm Hg) 107 ± 12 113 ± 7 106 ± 11 116 ± 8**
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) 70 ± 7 66 ± 7 70 ± 6 67 ± 5
Inverse of fasting insulin (mL/μU) 0.066 ± 0.02 0.098 ± 0.045 0.078 ± 0.025 0.142 ± 0.064*
HOMA-IR 3.8 ± 2.1 2.8 ± 1.4 3.4 ± 2.2 2.1 ± 1.2*
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) 89 ± 5 82 ± 12 90 ± 4 86 ± 6
Hemoglobin A1C (%) 5.2 ± 0.4 5.0 ± 0.2 5.2 ± 0.4 5.1 ± 0.3
AST (U/L) 37 ± 4 23 ± 6*** 37 ± 4 34 ± 18
ALT (U/L) 25 ± 5 26 ± 6 24 ± 5 32 ± 21
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 148 ± 23 145 ± 20 152 ± 22 136 ± 25
Triglycerides (mg/dL) 77 ± 34 74 ± 21 81 ± 34 97 ± 30
HDL (mg/dL) 49 ± 10 46 ± 10 50 ± 10 43 ± 6*
LDL (mg/dL) 83 ± 20 84 ± 20 85 ± 20 74 ± 22
Total estradiol (pg/mL) 98 ± 135 96 ± 127 124 ± 162 23 ± 9**
Total testosterone (ng/dL) 224 ± 182 43 ± 10*** 252 ± 214 412 ± 168*
LH (mIU/mL) 3.6 ± 3.2 --- 3.5 ± 2.9 ---
FSH (mIU/mL) 2.1 ± 1.9 --- 1.9 ± 1.8 ---
SHBG (nmol/L) 49 ± 36 50 ± 30 50 ± 48 40 ± 16
Free androgen index 33 ± 36 5 ± 3** 36 ± 34 37 ± 16

Values are given as mean ± SD. Of the 11 transgender females compared with cisgender females and the 13 compared with cisgender males, 10 are in both comparisons. BP = blood pressure, LH = luteinizing hormone, FSH = follicle stimulating hormone, †means and standard deviations are reported for the 11 matched sets for cisgender females and 13 matched sets for cisgender males, *P < 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001 (p-values represent significance from log-transformed variables when relevant)