Table 5.
Recurrent Abdominal Hernia vs. Nonrecurrent Abdominal Hernia
| Variables | Recurrent (n = 40) | Nonrecurrent (n = 989) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 20/40 (50%) | 548/989 (55.4%) | .500 |
| Female | 20/40 (50%) | 441/989 (44.6%) | |
| Agek, median (IQR) | 62.5 (54.5; 71) | 61 (48; 70) | .260 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mediana (IQR) | 26.4 (23.6; 28.9) | 27 (24; 30.4) | .490 |
| ASA Score 1 | 4/40 (10.0%) | 141/970 (14.5%) | .769 |
| ASA Score 2 | 26/40 (65.0%) | 613/970 (63.2%) | |
| ASA Score 3 | 10/40 (25.0%) | 212/970 (21.9%) | |
| ASA Score 4 | 0 | 4/970 (0.4%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| COPD | 7/40 (17.5%) | 138/963 (14.3%) | .576 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4/40 (10.0%) | 163/963 (16.9%) | .384 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 4/40 (10.0%) | 93/966 (9.6%) | .790 |
| Hypertension | 16/40 (40.0%) | 502/968 (51.9%) | .141 |
| OAT | 3/40 (7.5%) | 24/963 (2.5%) | .089 |
| Steroid therapy | 0 | 13/963 (1.4%) | 1.000 |
| Radiotherapy | 5/40 (12.5%) | 35/963 (3.6%) | .005 |
| Smoke | 8/40 (20.0%) | 262/967 (27.1%) | .321 |
| Overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) | 15/34 (44.1%) | 310/747 (41.5%) | .732 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 7/34 (20.6%) | 199/747 (26.6%) | |
| CFR | 0 | 7/989 (0.7%) | .013 |
| HCV-related liver disease/cirrhosis | 3/40 (7.5%) | 7/989 (0.7%) | |
| Other | 0 | 1/989 (0.1%) | |
| Prior abdominal surgery | 28/36 (77.8%) | 686/947 (72.4%) | .481 |
| Reccurent abdominal hernia | 3/36 (8.3%) | 144/947 (15.2%) | .343 |
| EHS classification of abdominal wall hernia | |||
| M1 subxiphoidal | 11/40 (27.5%) | 47/989 (4.8%) | <.001 |
| M2 epigastric | 19/40 (47.5%) | 433/989 (43.8%) | .642 |
| M3 umbelical | 17/40 (42.5%) | 560/989 (56.6%) | .078 |
| M4 infraumbelical | 9/40 (22.5%) | 145/989 (14.7%) | .173 |
| M5 suprapubic | 6/40 (15.0%) | 69/989 (7.0%) | .056 |
| L1 subcostal | 0 | 41/989 (4.2%) | .401 |
| L2 flank | 6/40 (15.0%) | 64/989 (6.5%) | .036 |
| L3 iliac | 0 | 32/989 (3.2%) | .632 |
| W1 (<4 cm) | 6/40 (15.0%) | 298/989 (30.1%) | .008 |
| W2 (4–10 cm) | 9/40 (22.5%) | 334/989 (33.8%) | |
| W3 (>10 cm) | 25/40 (62.5%) | 356/989 (36.0%) | |
| Type of surgery | |||
| Elective | 39/40 (97.5%) | 943/989 (95.4%) | 1.000 |
| Emergency | 1/40 (2.5%) | 46/989 (4.7%) | |
| Overlap | |||
| 1 cm | 2/40 (5.0%) | 4/985 (0.4%) | <.001 |
| 2 cm | 4/40 (10.0%) | 11/985 (1.1%) | |
| 3 cm | 13/40 (32.5%) | 41/985 (4.2%) | |
| 4 cm | 5/40 (12.5%) | 179/985 (18.2%) | |
| 5 cm | 7/40 (17.5%) | 396/985 (40.2%) | |
| 6 cm | 7/40 (17.5%) | 170/985 (17.3%) | |
| 7 cm | 2/40 (5.0%) | 77/985 (7.8%) | |
| 8 cm | 0 | 57/985 (5.8%) | |
| 9 cm | 0 | 36/985 (3.7%) | |
| >10 cm | 0 | 14/985 (1.4%) | |
| Fixing devices | |||
| Protack | 9/40 (22.5%) | 358/989 (36.2%) | <.001 |
| Absorbatack | 0 | 21/989 (2.1%) | |
| EMS | 7/40 (17.5%) | 464/989 (46.9%) | |
| Endoanchor | 5/40 (12.5%) | 24/989 (2.4%) | |
| Securstrap | 19/40 (47.5%) | 52/989 (5.3%) | |
| Multiple devices | 0 | 55/989 (5.6%) | |
| Glue | 0 | 15/989 (1.5%) | |
| Type of fixing devices | |||
| Nonresorbable | 21/40 (52.5%) | 846/989 (85.5%) | <.001 |
| Resorbable | 19/40 (47.5%) | 73/989 (7.4%) | |
| Glue | 0 | 15/989 (1.5%) | |
| Multiple devices | 0 | 55/989 (5.6%) | |
| Bulging | 8/40 (20.0%) | 50/989 (5.1%) | <.001 |
| Conversion | 0 | 6/989 (0.6%) | 1.000 |
| Early postoperative complication | 3/40 (7.5%) | 47/989 (4.8%) | .438 |
| Hematoma | 0 | 17/989 (1.7%) | 1.000 |
| Seroma | 1/40 (2.5%) | 33/989 (3.3%) | 1.000 |
| Prothesis infection | 2/40 (5.0%) | 2/989 (0.2%) | .008 |
P < .05 (bold values). BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anaesthesiology; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OAT, oral anticoagulant therapy; CRF, chronic renal failure; HCV, hepatitis C virus; EHS, European Hernia Society; IQR, interquartile range; EMS Endoscopic Multifeed Stapler (Ethicon, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA).