TABLE 2.
Clinical Symptoms of MERS-CoV Cases at KAMC-Riyadh (Mid-June to Mid-September, 2015)
| Variable | Patients (N=87) | HCWs (N=43) | Overall (N=130) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any symptoms | ||||
| No | 3 (3%) | 18 (42%) | 21 (16%) | <.001 |
| Yes | 84 (97%) | 25 (58%) | 109 (84%) | |
| Number of all symptoms | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 5.4 (2.4) | 4.2 (2.3) | 5.2 (2.4) | .03 |
| 1–3 symptoms | 18 (21%) | 13 (52%) | 31 (28%) | .01 |
| 4–6 symptoms | 39 (46%) | 9 (36%) | 48 (44%) | |
| ≥7 symptoms | 27 (32%) | 3 (12%) | 30 (28%) | |
| Number of respiratory symptoms | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.6 (1.4) | 2.4 (1.3) | 2.6 (1.4) | .54 |
| None | 4 (5%) | 1 (4%) | 5 (5%) | .85 |
| 1–2 symptoms | 38 (45%) | 13 (52%) | 51 (47%) | |
| ≥3 symptoms | 42 (50%) | 11 (44%) | 53 (49%) | |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Respiratory | ||||
| Any respiratory | 80 (95%) | 24 (96%) | 104 (95%) | >.99 |
| Cough | 57 (68%) | 17 (68%) | 74 (68%) | .99 |
| Shortness of breath | 67 (80%) | 12 (48%) | 79 (73%) | <.01 |
| Sore throat | 8 (10%) | 7 (28%) | 15 (14%) | .03 |
| Running nose | 6 (7%) | 5 (20%) | 11 (10%) | .12 |
| Chest pain | 29 (35%) | 9 (36%) | 38 (35%) | .89 |
| Hemoptysis | 7 (8%) | 2 (8%) | 9 (8%) | |
| Pneumonia | 24 (29%) | 5 (20%) | 29 (27%) | .40 |
| ARDS during the course | 23 (27%) | 4 (16%) | 27 (25%) | .25 |
| Constitutional | ||||
| Any constitutional including fever | 80 (95%) | 20 (80%) | 100 (92%) | .03 |
| Any constitutional excluding fever | 52 (62%) | 14 (56%) | 66 (61%) | .60 |
| Fever | 71 (85%) | 17 (68%) | 88 (81%) | .08 |
| Headache | 12 (14%) | 3 (12%) | 15 (14%) | >.99 |
| Muscle aches | 21 (25%) | 7 (28%) | 28 (26%) | .76 |
| Fatigue/lethargy/weakness | 16 (19%) | 3 (12%) | 19 (17%) | .55 |
| Chills/rigors | 9 (11%) | 3 (12%) | 12 (11%) | >.99 |
| Dizziness or decrease LOC | 25 (30%) | 2 (8%) | 27 (25%) | .03 |
| Poor appetite | 12 (14%) | 2 (8%) | 14 (13%) | .52 |
| Rash | 4 (5%) | 1 (4%) | 5 (5%) | >.99 |
| Seizures | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NA |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||
| Any gastrointestinal | 39 (46%) | 4 (16%) | 43 (39%) | <.01 |
| Vomiting | 29 (35%) | 3 (12%) | 32 (29%) | .03 |
| Diarrhea | 16 (19%) | 2 (8%) | 18 (17%) | .24 |
| Abdominal pain/distention | 20 (24%) | 2 (8%) | 22 (20%) | .08 |
| Starting symptoms | ||||
| Respiratory | 57 (68%) | 20 (80%) | 77 (71%) | .24 |
| Fever | 34 (41%) | 11 (44%) | 45 (41%) | .75 |
| Respiratory and fever | 17 (20%) | 9 (36%) | 26 (24%) | .11 |
| Other constitutional | 8 (10%) | 3 (12%) | 11 (10%) | >.99 |
| Gastrointestinal | 12 (14%) | 1 (4%) | 13 (12%) | .29 |
NOTE. The column heads represent the maximum number; the denominator was sometimes lower when data were missing. ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; HCW, healthcare worker; KAMC, King Abdulaziz Medical City; LOC, level of consciousness; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.