Table 3.
PD‐L1 expression | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive (n = 53) | Negative (n = 100) | P‐value | |
Histogram feature (mean ± SD) | |||
Texture_Histo_Mean (HU) | 0.9 ± 73.0 | −1.4 ± 78.2 | 0.861 |
Texture_Histo_SD (HU) | 114.3 ± 65.6 | 109.8 ± 60.5 | 0.671 |
Texture_Histo_Skewness | −2.5 ± 1.9 | −2.6 ± 1.5 | 0.643 |
Texture_Histo_ExcessKurtosis | 20.4 ± 25.6 | 17.4 ± 17.9 | 0.448 |
Texture_Histo_Energy | 0.0070 ± 0.0031 | 0.0063 ± 0.0022 | 0.124 |
Texture_Histo_Entropy | 7.9 ± 0.7 | 7.9 ± 0.6 | 0.567 |
Texture_Histo_Min (HU) | −825.4 ± 153.1 | −807.4 ± 159.3 | 0.499 |
Texture_Histo_Max (HU) | 378.1 ± 289.8 | 376.4 ± 268.8 | 0.971 |
Texture_Histo_Voxel count | 61 292.2 ± 86 630.8 | 78 247.3 ± 180 123.1 | 0.433 |
Percentile (mean ± SD) | |||
Texture_Percentile_10 (HU) | −136.1 ± 195.6 | −133.1 ± 185.1 | 0.926 |
Texture_Percentile_25 (HU) | −26.8 ± 107.9 | −34.5 ± 117.7 | 0.695 |
Texture_Percentile_50 (HU) | 32.8 ± 55.6 | 28.6 ± 67.0 | 0.695 |
Texture_Percentile_75 (HU) | 65.5 ± 35.3 | 63.1 ± 39.1 | 0.71 |
Texture_Percentile_90 (HU) | 90.1 ± 38.8 | 88.2 ± 34.4 | 0.766 |
Texture_Percentile_95 (HU) | 105.8 ± 46.5 | 103.5 ± 36.6 | 0.763 |
Gradient feature (mean ± SD) | |||
Texture_Grad_Mean | 119.3 ± 70.4 | 121.6 ± 70.1 | 0.848 |
Texture_Grad_SD | 124.9 ± 39.4 | 122.5 ± 38.0 | 0.714 |
GLCM feature (mean ± SD) | |||
Texture_GLCM_ASM | 0.0737 ± 0.0478 | 0.0582 ± 0.0331 | 0.038 |
Texture_GLCM_IDM | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.243 |
Texture_GLCM_Homogeneity | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.242 |
Texture_GLCM_Contrast | 9.2 ± 10.6 | 8.6 ± 9.0 | 0.744 |
Texture_GLCM_Correlation | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.985 |
Texture_GLCM_Autocor | 1094.4 ± 120.4 | 1090.8 ± 128.5 | 0.868 |
Texture_GLCM_Entropy | 5.3 ± 1.4 | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 0.497 |
Texture_GLCM_CP | 48 607.0 ± 148 803.9 | 32 033.0 ± 87 988.2 | 0.459 |
Texture_GLCM_CS | −1028.0 ± 2715.2 | −750.4 ± 1673.0 | 0.499 |
Texture_GLCM_CT | 51.5 ± 87.7 | 44.5 ± 67.1 | 0.612 |
Texture_GLCM_SumEntropy | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 0.635 |
Texture_GLCM_DiffAverage, | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 0.925 |
Texture_GLCM_DiffEntropy | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 0.721 |
GLRLM feature (mean ± SD) | |||
Texture_GLRLM_SRE | 0.0494 ± 0.0285 | 0.0347 ± 0.0229 | 0.001 |
Texture_GLRLM_LRE | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.3 | 0.002 |
Texture_GLRLM_LGRE | 0.0003 ± 0.0012 | 0.0001 ± 0.0008 | 0.471 |
Texture_GLRLM_HGRE | 89.1 ± 59.2 | 57.6 ± 42.3 | 0.001 |
Texture_GLRLM_SRLGE | 0.0002 ± 0.0007 | 0.0001 ± 0.0005 | 0.485 |
Texture_GLRLM_SRHGE | 56.8 ± 33.8 | 39.7 ± 26.8 | 0.002 |
Texture_GLRLM_LRLGE | 0.0020 ± 0.0106 | 0.0008 ± 0.0058 | 0.454 |
Texture_GLRLM_LRHGE | 604.0 ± 722.4 | 266.7 ± 319.9 | 0.002 |
Texture_GLRLM_GNUN | 0.0034 ± 0.0044 | 0.0013 ± 0.0020 | 0.002 |
Texture_GLRLM_RLNUN | 0.0031 ± 0.0030 | 0.0016 ± 0.0019 | 0.001 |
Texture_GLRLM_RP | 0.0771 ± 0.0503 | 0.0501 ± 0.0360 | 0.001 |
Texture_GLRLM_RV | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.002 |
Texture_GLRLM_RE | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.001 |
Moment feature (mean ± SD) | |||
Texture_Moment_J1 | 29.0 ± 46.4 | 32.9 ± 67.6 | 0.669 |
Texture_Moment_J2 | 0.0007 ± 0.0022 | 0.0015 ± 0.0054 | 0.221 |
Texture_Moment_J3 | <0.0001 ± <0.0001 | <0.0001 ± <0.0001 | 0.203 |
Shape feature (mean ± SD) | |||
Shape_Volume (mm3) | 43 718.0 ± 53 318.6 | 51 640.9 ± 114 615.3 | 0.561 |
Shape_SurfaceArea (mm2) | 11 496.3 ± 10 465.8 | 12 840.4 ± 15 782.6 | 0.530 |
Shape_Sphericity | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.417 |
Shape_Compactness | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 0.426 |
Shape_Roundness | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.089 |
Shape_Circularity | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.442 |
Shape_Longest1stAxis (mm) | 54.2 ± 22.4 | 57.8 ± 30.9 | 0.408 |
Shape_Longest2ndAxis (mm) | 44.0 ± 19.1 | 45.3 ± 23.1 | 0.726 |
Shape_PCA1stMajorSD (mm) | 11.3 ± 4.7 | 11.7 ± 6.3 | 0.626 |
Shape_PCA2ndMajorSD (mm) | 8.6 ± 3.6 | 8.7 ± 4.3 | 0.823 |
Shape_PCA3rdMajorSD (mm) | 7.1 ± 3.0 | 7.0 ± 3.6 | 0.779 |
Fractal feature (mean ± SD) | |||
Fractal dimension | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 0.626 |
Unless otherwise indicated, data in parentheses are percentages. ASM, angular second moment; Autocor, autocorrelation; CP, cluster prominence; CS, cluster shade; CT, cluster tendency; GLCM, gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix; GLRLM, gray‐level run‐length matrix; GNUN, gray‐level nonuniformity normalized; Grad, gradient; HGRE, high gray‐level run emphasis; Histo, histogram; HU, Hounsfield Unit; IDM, inverse different moment; LGRE, low gray‐level run emphasis; LRE, long run emphasis; LRHGE, long run high gray‐level emphasis; LRLGE, long run low gray‐level emphasis; Max, Maximum; Min, minimum; PCA, principal component analysis; PD‐L1 = programmed death ligand 1; RE, run entropy; RLNUN, run‐length nonuniformity normalized; RP, run percentage; RV, run variance; SD, standard deviation; SRE, short run emphasis; SRHGE, short run high gray‐level emphasis; SRLGE, short run low gray‐level emphasis.