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. 2020 Feb 11;11(4):993–1004. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.13352

Table 3.

Comparison of computed tomography (CT) radiomic features according to PD‐L1 expression

PD‐L1 expression
Positive (n = 53) Negative (n = 100) P‐value
Histogram feature (mean ± SD)
Texture_Histo_Mean (HU) 0.9 ± 73.0 −1.4 ± 78.2 0.861
Texture_Histo_SD (HU) 114.3 ± 65.6 109.8 ± 60.5 0.671
Texture_Histo_Skewness −2.5 ± 1.9 −2.6 ± 1.5 0.643
Texture_Histo_ExcessKurtosis 20.4 ± 25.6 17.4 ± 17.9 0.448
Texture_Histo_Energy 0.0070 ± 0.0031 0.0063 ± 0.0022 0.124
Texture_Histo_Entropy 7.9 ± 0.7 7.9 ± 0.6 0.567
Texture_Histo_Min (HU) −825.4 ± 153.1 −807.4 ± 159.3 0.499
Texture_Histo_Max (HU) 378.1 ± 289.8 376.4 ± 268.8 0.971
Texture_Histo_Voxel count 61 292.2 ± 86 630.8 78 247.3 ± 180 123.1 0.433
Percentile (mean ± SD)
Texture_Percentile_10 (HU) −136.1 ± 195.6 −133.1 ± 185.1 0.926
Texture_Percentile_25 (HU) −26.8 ± 107.9 −34.5 ± 117.7 0.695
Texture_Percentile_50 (HU) 32.8 ± 55.6 28.6 ± 67.0 0.695
Texture_Percentile_75 (HU) 65.5 ± 35.3 63.1 ± 39.1 0.71
Texture_Percentile_90 (HU) 90.1 ± 38.8 88.2 ± 34.4 0.766
Texture_Percentile_95 (HU) 105.8 ± 46.5 103.5 ± 36.6 0.763
Gradient feature (mean ± SD)
Texture_Grad_Mean 119.3 ± 70.4 121.6 ± 70.1 0.848
Texture_Grad_SD 124.9 ± 39.4 122.5 ± 38.0 0.714
GLCM feature (mean ± SD)
Texture_GLCM_ASM 0.0737 ± 0.0478 0.0582 ± 0.0331 0.038
Texture_GLCM_IDM 0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 ± 0.1 0.243
Texture_GLCM_Homogeneity 0.6 ± 0.1 0.6 ± 0.1 0.242
Texture_GLCM_Contrast 9.2 ± 10.6 8.6 ± 9.0 0.744
Texture_GLCM_Correlation 0.6 ± 0.2 0.6 ± 0.1 0.985
Texture_GLCM_Autocor 1094.4 ± 120.4 1090.8 ± 128.5 0.868
Texture_GLCM_Entropy 5.3 ± 1.4 5.4 ± 1.1 0.497
Texture_GLCM_CP 48 607.0 ± 148 803.9 32 033.0 ± 87 988.2 0.459
Texture_GLCM_CS −1028.0 ± 2715.2 −750.4 ± 1673.0 0.499
Texture_GLCM_CT 51.5 ± 87.7 44.5 ± 67.1 0.612
Texture_GLCM_SumEntropy 3.7 ± 0.8 3.7 ± 0.7 0.635
Texture_GLCM_DiffAverage, 1.7 ± 1.0 1.7 ± 0.9 0.925
Texture_GLCM_DiffEntropy 2.3 ± 0.6 2.3 ± 0.5 0.721
GLRLM feature (mean ± SD)
Texture_GLRLM_SRE 0.0494 ± 0.0285 0.0347 ± 0.0229 0.001
Texture_GLRLM_LRE 0.5 ± 0.6 0.2 ± 0.3 0.002
Texture_GLRLM_LGRE 0.0003 ± 0.0012 0.0001 ± 0.0008 0.471
Texture_GLRLM_HGRE 89.1 ± 59.2 57.6 ± 42.3 0.001
Texture_GLRLM_SRLGE 0.0002 ± 0.0007 0.0001 ± 0.0005 0.485
Texture_GLRLM_SRHGE 56.8 ± 33.8 39.7 ± 26.8 0.002
Texture_GLRLM_LRLGE 0.0020 ± 0.0106 0.0008 ± 0.0058 0.454
Texture_GLRLM_LRHGE 604.0 ± 722.4 266.7 ± 319.9 0.002
Texture_GLRLM_GNUN 0.0034 ± 0.0044 0.0013 ± 0.0020 0.002
Texture_GLRLM_RLNUN 0.0031 ± 0.0030 0.0016 ± 0.0019 0.001
Texture_GLRLM_RP 0.0771 ± 0.0503 0.0501 ± 0.0360 0.001
Texture_GLRLM_RV 0.4 ± 0.5 0.2 ± 0.2 0.002
Texture_GLRLM_RE 0.5 ± 0.3 0.4 ± 0.2 0.001
Moment feature (mean ± SD)
Texture_Moment_J1 29.0 ± 46.4 32.9 ± 67.6 0.669
Texture_Moment_J2 0.0007 ± 0.0022 0.0015 ± 0.0054 0.221
Texture_Moment_J3 <0.0001 ± <0.0001 <0.0001 ± <0.0001 0.203
Shape feature (mean ± SD)
Shape_Volume (mm3) 43 718.0 ± 53 318.6 51 640.9 ± 114 615.3 0.561
Shape_SurfaceArea (mm2) 11 496.3 ± 10 465.8 12 840.4 ± 15 782.6 0.530
Shape_Sphericity 0.5 ± 0.1 0.5 ± 0.1 0.417
Shape_Compactness 1.0 ± 0.0 0.9 ± 0.0 0.426
Shape_Roundness 0.7 ± 0.1 0.7 ± 0.1 0.089
Shape_Circularity 0.4 ± 0.1 0.3 ± 0.1 0.442
Shape_Longest1stAxis (mm) 54.2 ± 22.4 57.8 ± 30.9 0.408
Shape_Longest2ndAxis (mm) 44.0 ± 19.1 45.3 ± 23.1 0.726
Shape_PCA1stMajorSD (mm) 11.3 ± 4.7 11.7 ± 6.3 0.626
Shape_PCA2ndMajorSD (mm) 8.6 ± 3.6 8.7 ± 4.3 0.823
Shape_PCA3rdMajorSD (mm) 7.1 ± 3.0 7.0 ± 3.6 0.779
Fractal feature (mean ± SD)
Fractal dimension 2.4 ± 0.2 2.4 ± 0.2 0.626

Unless otherwise indicated, data in parentheses are percentages. ASM, angular second moment; Autocor, autocorrelation; CP, cluster prominence; CS, cluster shade; CT, cluster tendency; GLCM, gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix; GLRLM, gray‐level run‐length matrix; GNUN, gray‐level nonuniformity normalized; Grad, gradient; HGRE, high gray‐level run emphasis; Histo, histogram; HU, Hounsfield Unit; IDM, inverse different moment; LGRE, low gray‐level run emphasis; LRE, long run emphasis; LRHGE, long run high gray‐level emphasis; LRLGE, long run low gray‐level emphasis; Max, Maximum; Min, minimum; PCA, principal component analysis; PD‐L1 = programmed death ligand 1; RE, run entropy; RLNUN, run‐length nonuniformity normalized; RP, run percentage; RV, run variance; SD, standard deviation; SRE, short run emphasis; SRHGE, short run high gray‐level emphasis; SRLGE, short run low gray‐level emphasis.