Table 2.
Clinical associations in GCA patients with both temporal-artery and large-vessel assessment
| TA(−)/LV(−) n = 59 |
TA(+)/LV(−) n = 227 |
TA(+)/LV(+) n = 100 |
TA(−)/LV(+) n = 45 |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 69.34 ± 7.54 | 73.67 ± 7.98 | 74.17 ± 7.93 | 70.31 ± 9.32 | <0.001 |
| Female sex (%) | 41 (69.49) | 142 (62.56) | 64 (64.0) | 28 (62.2) | 0.794 |
| Diagnostic assessment | |||||
| Positive TAB | 0/54 | 151/185 | 68/74 | 0/27 | <0.001 |
| Halo sign on TA-US | 0/14 | 148/163 | 55/61 | 0/20 | <0.001 |
| Temporal artery abnormality | |||||
| Temporal artery abnormality | 20 (33.90) | 145 (63.88) | 51 (51.0) | 7 (15.56) | <0.001 |
| Visual changes | 19 (32.2) | 82 (36.1) | 25 (25.0) | 7 (15.6) | 0.03 |
| Amaurosis fugax | 7 (11.86) | 37 (16.30) | 6 (6.00) | 4 (8.89) | 0.06 |
| Sudden visual loss | 9 (15.25) | 34 (14.98) | 9 (9.0) | 1 (2.22) | 0.06 |
| Blurred vision | 8 (13.56) | 38 (16.74) | 16 (16.0) | 5 (11.11) | 0.77 |
| Ischemic cranial symptoms | 53 (89.8) | 201 (88.6) | 78 (78.0) | 24 (53.3) | <0.001 |
| Jaw claudication | 25 (42.37) | 125 (55.07) | 42 (42.0) | 10 (22.22) | <0.001 |
| Scalp tenderness | 22 (37.29) | 68 (29.96) | 21 (21.0) | 10 (22.22) | 0.11 |
| Headache | 49 (83.05) | 178 (78.41) | 69 (69.0) | 20 (44.44) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary symptoms | 6 (10.2) | 24 (10.6) | 16 (16.0) | 9 (20.0) | 0.22 |
| Dyspnea | 4 (6.78) | 10 (4.41) | 9 (9.0) | 2 (4.44) | 0.40 |
| Non-productive cough | 3 (5.08) | 16 (7.05) | 8 (8.0) | 8 (17.78) | 0.08 |
| Musculoskeletal symptoms | 28 (47.5) | 88 (38.8) | 45 (45.0) | 22 (49.9) | 0.41 |
| Morning stiffness | |||||
| >1 hour | 16 (27.12) | 34 (14.98) | 14 (14.00) | 7 (15.56) | 0.12 |
| Neck or torso | 8 (13.56) | 19 (8.37) | 8 (8.00) | 8 (17.78) | 0.17 |
| Hip and thighs | 12 (20.34) | 33 (14.54) | 15 (15.0) | 6 (13.33) | 0.71 |
| Muscle tenderness | 11 (18.64) | 17 (7.49) | 13 (13.00) | 1 (2.22) | 0.01 |
| Myalgia | 17 (28.81) | 67 (29.52) | 33 (33.0) | 12 (26.67) | 0.87 |
| Vascular abnormalities | 24 (40.7) | 58 (25.6) | 37 (37.0) | 18 (40.0) | 0.03 |
| Arm claudication | 5 (8.47) | 1 (0.44) | 1 (1.0) | 6 (13.33) | <0.001 |
| Leg claudication | 8 (13.56) | 6 (2.64) | 4 (4.0) | 2 (4.44) | 0.005 |
| Any bruit | 9 (15.25) | 18 (7.93) | 16 (16.0) | 8 (17.78) | 0.06 |
| Pulse abnormality | |||||
| Upper limb | 2 (3.39) | 3 (1.32) | 4 (4.0) | 8 (17.78) | <0.001 |
| Lower limb | 4 (6.78) | 20 (8.81) | 15 (15.0) | 4 (8.89) | 0.27 |
| Absent blood pressure | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (2.2) | 0.17 |
| Blood pressure difference | 14 (23.7) | 31 (13.7) | 15 (15.0) | 11 (24.4) | 0.12 |
| Constitutional symptoms | 33 (55.9) | 117 (51.5) | 68 (68.0) | 28 (62.2) | 0.04 |
| Night sweats | 12 (20.34) | 52 (22.91) | 29 (29.00) | 13 (18.89) | 0.49 |
| Fever (>38C) | 15 (25.42) | 45 (19.82) | 30 (30.0) | 13 (28.89) | 0.19 |
| Weight loss | 21 (35.59) | 80 (35.24) | 52 (52.0) | 20 (44.44) | 0.03 |
| Laboratory findings | 24 (40.7) | 66 (29.1) | 38 (38.0) | 15 (33.3) | 0.23 |
| ESR (mm/hr) | 75.8 + 34 | 69.2+31 | 80.9+32 | 80.6+31 | 0.009 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 51.7 (22-150) | 68 (34-128) | 75.9 (46-139) | 50 (26-90) | 0.06 |
| Anemia | 11 (18.64) | 25 (11.01) | 22 (22.0) | 15 (33.3) | 0.001 |
| Hypoalbuminemia | 12 (20.34) | 30 (13.22) | 24 (24.00) | 7 (15.56) | 0.10 |
| Thrombocytosis | 26 (27.12) | 35 (15.42) | 25 (25.0) | 11 (24.44) | 0.07 |