Fig. 3.

IRE1α downstream effectors are abnormally expressed and phosphorylated in schizophrenia. Protein expression and phosphorylation of proteins downstream of p-IRE1α signaling was measured in paired schizophrenia (SCZ) and comparison (COMP) subjects. a p-IRE1α leads to splicing of Xbp1 mRNA and synthesis of the spliced form of XBP1 protein (sXBP1). Representative western blots of sXBP1 and unspliced XBP1 (uXBP1) are shown; /both sXBP1 expression and the ratio of sXBP1/uXBP1 are increased in SCZ. b p-IRE1α also has kinase activity that leads to phosphorylation of protein in the ASK1/JNK signaling cascade. Representative western blots of proteins associated with p-IRE1α kinase activity are shown; both phosphorylation of JNK2 (p-JNK2) and the ratio of p-JNK2/JNK2 are decreased in SCZ. c p-JNK2, sXBP1, and the ratios found changed in SCZ were not significantly different in rats that had received chronic haloperidol (HAL) treatment when compared with vehicle treated animals (VEH). Data are expressed as means ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01