Table 3.
Patient, procedure, and post-procedure characteristics for fatal compared to non-fatal perforations
| All perforations | Fatal perforations | Non-fatal perforations | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 376 | n = 75 | n = 301 | ||
| Age, median (Q1; Q3), years | 69 (56; 80) | 77 (71; 84) | 66 (52; 78) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.243 | |||
| Male | 158 (42) | 36 (48) | 122 (40) | |
| Female | 218 (58) | 39 (52) | 179 (60) | |
| ERCP indication, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Malignancy diagnosisa | 123 (33) | 55 (73) | 78 (26) | |
| Stent dysfunction | 38 (10) | 6 (8) | 32 (11) | |
| Cholangitis | 98 (26) | 8 (11) | 90 (30) | |
| Obstructive jaundice | 17 (4) | 6 (8) | 11 (4) | |
| Bile duct stone | 71 (19) | 7 (9) | 64 (21) | |
| Postoperative bile leakage | 21 (6) | 0 | 21 (7) | |
| Papilla within diverticula, n (%) | 44 (12) | 8 (11) | 36 (12) | 0.615 |
| Bile duct stenosis, n (%) | 131 (35) | 37 (49) | 94 (31) | 0.012 |
| Dilation biliary stricture, n (%) | 41 (11) | 6 (8) | 35 (12) | 0.367 |
| Biliary stent, n (%) | 134 (36) | 28 (37) | 106 (35) | 0.732 |
| Sphincterotomy, n (%) | ||||
| Bile duct | 207 (55) | 31 (41) | 176 (58) | 0.009 |
| Pre-cut | 86 (23) | 21 (28) | 65 (22) | 0.282 |
| Pancreatic duct | 34 (9) | 11 (15) | 23 (8) | 0.071 |
| Bile duct stone extraction, n (%) | 67 (18) | 5 (7) | 62 (21) | 0.004 |
| Procedural time, median (Q1; Q3), min | 45 (30; 68) | 45 (27; 66) | 46 (30; 69) | 0.296 |
| Performing center, n (%) | ||||
| Q1–3 | 59 (23) | 197 (77) | ||
| Q4 | 16 (13) | 104 (87) | 0.028 | |
| Performing endoscopist, n (%) | ||||
| Q1–3 | 62 (22) | 214 (78) | ||
| Q4 | 13 (13) | 87 (87) | 0.042 | |
| In-hospital care after ERCP | ||||
| Days, median (Q1; Q3) | 22 (10; 42) | 21 (12; 33) | 22 (9; 47) | 0.125 |
| Occasions, median (Q1; Q3) | 3 (1; 4) | 1 (1; 2) | 3 (2; 5) | < 0.001 |
Q quartile
aAdditional information acquired from the inpatient registry