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MSA patients’ characteristics at baseline
| Characteristics | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age (year) | |
| Mean (SD) | 52.7 (14.1) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 78 (40.0) |
| Female | 117 (60.0) |
| BMI | |
| Mean (SD) | 29.1 (4.6) |
| Hiatal hernia | |
| Yes | 164 (84.1) |
| No | 31 (15.9) |
| Size of hiatal hernia | |
| Small (≤ 3 cm) | 116 (70.7) |
| Large (> 3 cm) | 39 (23.8) |
| PEH | 9 (5.5) |
