Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics, estimated marginal means of psychomotor task performance, and immune marker concentrations of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.
| Schizophrenia (N = 43) | Controls (N = 29) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | χ2 | P value | |
| Sex (male) | 39 (90.7%) | 24 (82.8%) | 0.998 | 0.318 |
| Race (black) | 41 (95.3%) | 23 (79.3%) | 4.511 | 0.034 |
| Smoker | 24 (55.8%) | 15 (51.7%) | 0.117 | 0.733 |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | T | ||
| Age (years) | 51.47 (9.35) | 53.07 (10.75) | 0.672 | 0.504 |
| BMI | 31.60† (5.43) | 29.46* (5.84) | −1.520 | 0.134 |
| PANSS Total | 58.37 (11.73) | |||
| Mean (SE) | Mean (SE) | Wald χ2 | ||
| FTT (dom) | 258.66 (13.77) | 308.23 (11.25) | 11.085 | 0.001 |
| FTT (non-dom) | 226.75 (10.91) | 269.18 (10.88) | 11.867 | 0.001 |
| TMT | 40.57 (3.44) | 28.36 (1.71) | 15.980 | <0.001 |
| SC | 44.02 (2.51) | 52.74 (2.19) | 10.622 | 0.001 |
| RTT | 330.72‡ (28.98) | 312.79 (20.66) | 0.798 | 0.372 |
| TNF (pg/ml) | 4.23 (0.36) | 3.61 (0.22) | 3.428 | 0.064 |
| IL-1b (pg/ml) | 0.58 (0.19) | 0.61 (0.02) | 1.478 | 0.224 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 3.56 (0.31) | 3.48** (0.22) | 0.075 | 0.784 |
| IL-10 (pg/ml) | 0.48‡ (0.04) | 0.44 (0.03) | 0.713 | 0.398 |
| MCP-1 (pg/ml) | 167.98† (3.69) | 163.75** (2.87) | 1.081 | 0.298 |
| IL-1RA (ng/ml) | 539.46† (70.30) | 400.20** (40.89) | 5.134 | 0.023 |
| IL-6sr (ng/ml) | 41678.63§ (2382.86) | 41666.51** (2068.03) | 0.000 | 0.996 |
| TNFR2 (ng/ml) | 2616.95† (388.57) | 2420.45** (306.76) | 0.413 | 0.520 |
Means and percentages of demographic variables between groups compared with t tests and chi-square tests, respectively; SD standard deviation, SE standard error, BMI body mass index, PANSS positive and negative syndrome scale, FTT (dom) finger tapping task (dominant hand; number of taps), FTT (non-dom) finger tapping task (non-dominant hand; number of taps), TMT trail making task (seconds), SC symbol coding (number of boxes filled), RTT reaction time task (seconds), IL-1b interleukin 1 beta, IL-1RA interleukin 1 receptor antagonist IL-6 interleukin 6, IL-6Rsr interleukin 6 soluble receptor, IL-10 interleukin 10, TNF tumor necrosis factor, sTNFR2 soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.
*n = 26; **n = 28; †n = 40; ‡n = 42; §n = 41.