Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants.
| Metabolically healthy individuals (n = 41) | Individuals with recently diagnosed diabetes (n = 193) | Individuals with a known diabetes duration of ≥5 years (n = 106) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | Type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | |
| N (% male) | 41 (85) | 75 (59) | 118 (64) | 44 (61) | 62 (58) |
| Age [years] | 49.5 ± 12.1 | 35.9 ± 10.5 | 52.2 ± 8.8 | 43.0 ± 13.5 | 59.7 ± 9.7 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 29.1 ± 5.9 | 25.2 ± 4.0 | 32.2 ± 5.7 | 25.2 ± 2.9 | 31.5 ± 5.7 |
| Duration since diagnosis of diabetes [months] | – | 6.1 ± 3.0 | 5.6 ± 3.3 | 72.0 ± 15.0 | 74.1 ± 18.3 |
| HbA1c [%] | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 6.9 ± 1.0 | 6.9 ± 1.1 |
| HbA1c [mmol/mol] | 34 ± 3 | 45 ± 11 | 48 ± 10 | 52 ± 11 | 52 ± 12 |
| Fasting C-peptide [ng/ml] | 2.0 [1.4; 2.5] | 0.9 [0.5; 1.3] | 3.0 [2.4; 3.9] | 0.3 [0.1; 0.8] | 2.8 [2.2; 3.9] |
| Triglycerides [mg/dl] | 93 [76; 148] | 76 [55; 109] | 129 [97; 199] | 76 [55; 109] | 177 [108; 240] |
| Total cholesterol [mg/dl] | 203 [181; 225] | 178 [159; 195] | 195 [178; 226] | 178 [159; 195] | 202 [177; 235] |
| HDL-cholesterol [mg/dl] | 60 [47; 70] | 59 [49; 69] | 45 [37; 52] | 59 [49; 69] | 49 [41; 59] |
| LDL-cholesterol [mg/dl] | 133 [108; 150] | 105 [87; 124] | 132 [107; 156] | 105 [87; 124] | 128 [106; 158] |
Data are n (%), mean ± SD or median (25th; 75th percentile).
HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein.