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. 2020 Apr 1;10:5787. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62448-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The level of cytokine production by splenocytes of immunized mice. Splenocytes obtained from immunized mice were cultured in triplicate for each mouse and stimulated with appropriate mitogen. After 72 h supernatants were collected and analyzed by sandwich ELISA method to measure (a) IFN-γ, (b) IL-2, (c) IL-4 and (d) IL-10 levels separately. The data are shown as mean ± S.D responses of each group. The levels of statistical significance for differences between experimental groups were determined using ANOVA followed by Turkey’s post-test. The ns indicates not significant difference between groups. The asterisks indicate the groups, which were significantly different. *(P < 0.05), **(p < 0.01), ***(P < 0.001) and ****(P < 0.0001). (Abbreviations: pDNA + (S)Arch: pDNA-surface localized archaeosome; pDNA + (E)Arch: pDNA-encapsulated archaeosomes; pDNA: pDNA alone (L1/E6/E7 recombinant gene); Arch: archaeosomes alone (antigen-free archaeosomes); Mock Plasmid: pIRES.