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. 2020 Apr 1;10:5787. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62448-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Therapeutic immunization with L1/E6/E7 - archaeosome vaccine inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mouses were vaccinated three times with the different formulation of L1/E6/E7 - archaeosome vaccines and controls at weekly intervals following the challenge with TC-1 tumor cells. The tumor volume was monitored three times a week for 28 days. (a) Growth of TC1 tumors in mice treated with vaccines. The volume of the tumors in the groups which tumors had been treated with L1/E6/E7 recombinant gene plus archaeosome was significantly smaller compared with that of the PBS and other control groups (P < 0.0001). (b) The mean tumor weight of the L1/E6/E7 - archaeosome vaccine groups were significantly lower compared with that of the control groups on day 28. The asterisks indicate the groups, which were significantly different. *(P < 0.05), ***(P < 0.001) and ****(P < 0.0001). (c) Mice immunized with archaeosome/pDNA nanoparticles demonstrated a significant difference in tumor growth in comparison to other groups. (Abbreviations: pDNA + (S)Arch: pDNA-surface localized archaeosome; pDNA + (E)Arch: pDNA-encapsulated archaeosomes; pDNA: pDNA alone (L1/E6/E7 recombinant gene); Arch: archaeosomes alone (antigen-free archaeosomes); Mock Plasmid: pIRES.