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. 2020 Apr 1;10:5775. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62579-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of high glucose and linagliptin on apoptosis in cultured podocytes. (a) Immunoblot analyses of nephrin in cultured podocytes and endothelial cells. Podo; podocytes. Endo; endothelial cells. bd; below detection limit. (b) DNA fragmentation in podocytes incubated with low glucose (5.5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM) for 96 h in the absence or presence of linagliptin (50 nM). Lina; linagliptin. ^*P < 0.05. ^**P < 0.01. (c) Effect of D-mannitol-induced hyperosmolality on DNA fragmentation. Low; low glucose. High; high glucose. Lina; linagliptin. ns; not significant. (d) Immunocytochemical staining with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end (TUNEL) and 4′,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (merged image). Magnification: X40. Low; low glucose. High; high glucose. Lina; linagliptin. ^*P < 0.05. These data are expressed as means ± SD. Results are representative of one of three independent experiments.