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. 2020 Apr 1;10:5775. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62579-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of linagliptin on Akt and IRS1 in the glomeruli of diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. (a) Representative light microscopic appearance of glomeruli (PAS staining) and morphometric analysis of glomerular area. NDM; nondiabetic SD rats, DM; STZ-induced diabetic SD rats; Lina, linagliptin. Bar=100 μm. ^**P < 0.01. (b,c) Representative immunoblots of tyrosine phosphorylation of Akt (b) and IRS1 (c) from glomeruli. Solubilized glomeruli were subjected to immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting. NDM; nondiabetic SD rats, DM; STZ-induced diabetic SD rats; Lina, linagliptin. ^*P < 0.05. ns; not significant. These data are expressed as means ± SD. Results are representative of one of three independent experiments.