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. 2020 Apr 1;10:5775. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62579-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of linagliptin on Nrf2/Keap1. (a) Podocytes were transfected with scrambled control siRNA (siControl) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against IRS1 (siIRS1) in the absence or presence of linagliptin (50 nM). Podocyte apoptosis was measured by DNA fragmentation. Lina, linagliptin. ^*P < 0.05. ns; not significant. (b,c) Immunoblot analysis of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). After 96 h of exposure to low glucose (5.5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM), podocytes were incubated with or without linagliptin (50 nM). (b) Nrf2. (c) Keap1. ^*P < 0.05. (d) Immunoblot analysis of Keap1. Podocytes were transfected with adenoviral vectors containing green fluorescent (Ad-GFP or Ad-IRS1) protein. ns; not significant. (e) Immunoblot analysis of Nrf2 and Keap1. Podocytes were transfected with scrambled control siRNA (siControl) or small interfering RNA (siRNA) against IRS1 (siIRS1). ns; not significant. These data are expressed as means ± SD. Results are representative of one of three independent experiments.