Table 2.

Results (average marginal effects) of separate probit models with robust standard errors for native/immigrant mothers of at least one child/two children reporting to have a second/third child (dependent variables)

	German natives			Turkish immigrants		Polish immigrants
	All	West	East	First generation	Second generation	First generation	Ethnic Germans
(a) Mothers with ≥ 1 children
Firstborn child is a boya	0.010***	0.010***	0.011**	− 0.011	− 0.026	0.021	0.015
	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.004)	(0.006)	(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.020)
N	275,643	211,570	64,073	14,643	4098	5041	2318
(b) Mothers with ≥ 2 children
Firstborn children are both girlsb	0.019***	0.017***	0.027***	0.159***	0.157***	0.042*	0.022
	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.006)	(0.011)	(0.022)	(0.020)	(0.028)
Firstborn children are both boysb	0.029***	0.028***	0.032***	0.020	0.044*	0.040*	0.061*
	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.005)	(0.011)	(0.021)	(0.019)	(0.028)
N	147,326	119,759	27,567	11,530	2449	2482	1202

Own calculations are based on micro-census scientific use files 2005–2013. Significance *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

Mothers’ age and education as well as year of micro-census are controlled. Models for first-generation immigrants and ethnic Germans also account for time since immigration to Germany

^aReference category: firstborn child is a girl

^bReference category: mixed-sex composition of firstborn children