Table 3.
OLS regression on number of children by birth order, sibling fixed-effects models, Swedish men and women born in 1932–1988
| Variables | All | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birth order | |||
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 |
− 0.015*** (0.004) |
− 0.000 (0.006) |
− 0.033*** (0.006) |
| 3 |
− 0.031*** (0.006) |
0.001 (0.010) |
− 0.062*** (0.010) |
| 4 |
− 0.050*** (0.008) |
− 0.017 (0.015) |
− 0.088*** (0.014) |
| 5 |
− 0.066*** (0.011) |
− 0.033* (0.020) |
− 0.103*** (0.019) |
| 6 |
− 0.064*** (0.015) |
− 0.024 (0.025) |
− 0.133*** (0.023) |
| 7 |
− 0.068*** (0.021) |
0.034 (0.033) |
− 0.164*** (0.031) |
| 8 |
− 0.089*** (0.028) |
− 0.067 (0.045) |
− 0.120*** (0.042) |
| 9 |
− 0.037 (0.040) |
0.012 (0.064) |
− 0.109* (0.056) |
| 10 |
− 0.139*** (0.044) |
0.056 (0.069) |
− 0.305*** (0.065) |
| Year of birth | |||
| 1932–1936 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1937–1941 |
− 0.025 (0.018) |
0.010 (0.032) |
− 0.054* (0.029) |
| 1942–1946 |
− 0.026 (0.019) |
0.018 (0.034) |
− 0.052* (0.031) |
| 1947–1951 |
0.011 (0.021) |
0.075** (0.038) |
− 0.021 (0.034) |
| 1952–1956 |
0.058** (0.023) |
0.123*** (0.043) |
0.035 (0.040) |
| 1957–1961 |
0.073*** (0.027) |
0.133*** (0.049) |
0.082* (0.044) |
| 1962–1966 |
0.028 (0.030) |
0.082 (0.055) |
0.039 (0.051) |
| 1967–1971 |
− 0.129*** (0.034) |
− 0.076 (0.062) |
− 0.088 (0.058) |
| 1972–1976 |
− 0.550*** (0.043) |
− 0.476*** (0.077) |
− 0.503*** (0.072) |
| 1977–1981 |
− 1.005*** (0.102) |
− 0.643*** (0.182) |
− 1.235*** (0.170) |
| 1982–1988 |
− 1.781*** (0.427) |
− 2.089** (0.852) |
− 1.171* (0.606) |
| Mother’s age at birth | |||
| 13–16 |
0.172*** (0.052) |
0.078 (0.093) |
0.167* (0.087) |
| 17–18 |
0.120*** (0.015) |
0.188*** (0.027) |
0.063** (0.024) |
| 19–20 |
0.090*** (0.009) |
0.126*** (0.017) |
0.062*** (0.016) |
| 21–22 |
0.052*** (0.007) |
0.083*** (0.013) |
0.038*** (0.012) |
| 23–24 |
0.027*** (0.005) |
0.038*** (0.010) |
0.020** (0.009) |
| 25–26 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 27–28 |
− 0.018*** (0.005) |
− 0.032*** (0.010) |
− 0.017* (0.009) |
| 29–30 |
− 0.041*** (0.006) |
− 0.079*** (0.011) |
− 0.032*** (0.010) |
| 31–32 |
− 0.072*** (0.008) |
− 0.119*** (0.015) |
− 0.042*** (0.014) |
| 33–34 |
− 0.093*** (0.010) |
− 0.155*** (0.018) |
− 0.072*** (0.017) |
| 35–36 |
− 0.122*** (0.012) |
− 0.197*** (0.021) |
− 0.086*** (0.020) |
| 37–38 |
− 0.161*** (0.014) |
− 0.247*** (0.026) |
− 0.146*** (0.024) |
| 39–40 |
− 0.184*** (0.016) |
− 0.297*** (0.030) |
− 0.129*** (0.028) |
| 41–42 |
− 0.229*** (0.020) |
− 0.344*** (0.036) |
− 0.168*** (0.034) |
| 43–44 |
− 0.256*** (0.026) |
− 0.375*** (0.047) |
− 0.187*** (0.044) |
| 45–46 |
− 0.293*** (0.042) |
− 0.403*** (0.075) |
− 0.212*** (0.067) |
| 47–48 |
− 0.238*** (0.091) |
− 0.246 (0.150) |
− 0.263* (0.155) |
| 49–53 |
− 0.026 (0.236) |
− 0.023 (0.382) |
− 0.004 (0.435) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 0 | ||
| Female |
0.147*** (0.002) |
||
| Constant |
1.87052*** (0.02167) |
1.82223*** (0.03930) |
2.03909*** (0.03594) |
| Observations | 1,212,880 | 620,203 | 592,677 |
| R-squared | 0.01103 | 0.00948 | 0.00683 |
| Number of sibling sets | 457,063 | 374,489 | 365,730 |
Swedish register data, authors’ own calculations
Standard errors in parentheses
***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1