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. 2020 Mar 26;11:450. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00450

TABLE 3.

Examples of genes and other factors conveyed by prokaryote viruses which enhance the virulence, pathogenicity and functional capacity of the infected host.

Toxins and factors encoded by prokaryote virus genes Example publication
Shiga toxin Smith and Huggins, 1983
Botulinum neurotoxin Eklund et al., 1971
Diphtheria toxin Freeman, 1951
Cholera toxin Abel et al., 2015
Enterohemolysin Beutin et al., 1993
Cytotoxin Nakayama et al., 1999
Superantigens Beres et al., 2002
Leukocidin Kaneko et al., 1998
Enterotoxin Betley and Mekalanos, 1985
Scarlet fever toxin Smoot et al., 2002
Exfoliative toxin Yamaguchi et al., 2000
Macro-organism invasion Hynes and Ferretti, 1989
Serum resistance Barondess and Beckwith, 1990
Phospholipases Beres et al., 2002
Bacterial adhesion factors Karaolis et al., 1999
Intracellular survival Coleman et al., 1989
Antivirulence factors Ho and Slauch, 2001
Modification of host-cell surface antigens Wright, 1971
Type III effector proteins Mirold et al., 1999
Photosynthesis apparatus Mann et al., 2003
Defense against phage superinfection Poullain et al., 2008
Antibiotic resistance genes Balcazar, 2014