Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to the smoking status
| Baseline characteristic | Total (n = 12,249) | Never smokers (n = 8,028) | Former smokers (n = 2,560) | Current smokers (n = 1,661) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 39.1 ± 7.7 | 37.8 ± 7.5 | 41.6 ± 7.7 | 41.2 ± 7.4 | < 0.001 |
| Male | 7,371 (60.2) | 3,337 (41.6) | 2,431 (95.0) | 1,603 (96.5) | < 0.001 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 468 (3.8) | 268 (3.3) | 99 (3.9) | 101 (6.1) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 882 (7.2) | 383 (4.8) | 329 (12.9) | 170 (10.2) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 300 (2.4) | 105 (1.3) | 105 (4.1) | 90 (5.4) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1,907 (15.6) | 889 (11.1) | 612 (23.9) | 406 (24.4) | < 0.001 |
| Fatty liver | 3,691 (30.1) | 1,845 (23.0) | 1,113 (43.5) | 734 (44.2) | < 0.001 |
| Urinary cotinine (ng/mL)a | |||||
| < 50 | 9,201 (87.6) | 6,960 (99.4) | 2,051 (95.0) | 190 (14.2) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 50 | 1,301 (12.4) | 45 (0.6) | 108 (5.0) | 1,148 (85.8) | |
Values are presented as mean ± SD or number (%). Baseline characteristics between groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance and chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. BMI, body mass index. aThere are missing values in 1,747 individuals.