Table 2. Prognostic biomarkers of sepsis.
Category | Biomarker | Ability to predict | Patients | Variables | AUC | 95% CI | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soluble receptors | suPAR | 28-day mortality | Sepsis [95] (n = 130) | suPAR | 0.77 | 0.68 – 0.86 | [98] |
Lactate | 0.70 | 0.59 – 0.80 | |||||
CC chemokine ligand 2 | MCP-1 | 30-day mortality | Sepsis [1] (n = 136) | MCP-1 | 0.64 | 0.55 – 0.74 | [99] |
PCT | 0.57 | 0.47 – 0.68 | |||||
CRP | 0.51 | 0.40 – 0.62 | |||||
IL-6 | 0.69 | 0.59 – 0.78 | |||||
SOFA | 0.67 | 0.57 – 0.77 | |||||
qSOFA | 0.63 | 0.48 – 0.78 | |||||
APACHE II | 0.74 | 0.65 – 0.83 | |||||
Acute phase protein | PTX-3 | 28-day mortality | Sepsis [1] (n = 83) | PTX-3 | 0.82 | 0.68 – 0.96 | [100] |
PCT | 0.64 | 0.50 – 0.77 | |||||
CRP | 0.56 | 0.40 – 0.73 | |||||
APACHE II | 0.77 | 0.59 – 0.94 | |||||
SOFA | 0.59 | 0.40 – 0.79 | |||||
MR-proADM | 28-day mortality | Sepsis [1] (n = 326) | MR-proADM | 0.79 | 0.74 – 0.84 | [59] | |
Lactate | 0.71 | 0.64 – 0.77 | |||||
PCT | 0.61 | 0.55 – 0.68 | |||||
CRP | 0.54 | 0.47 – 0.61 | |||||
SOFA | 0.75 | 0.69 – 0.80 | |||||
ADM | 30-day mortality | Sepsis [1] (n = 215) | Bio-ADM | 0.827 | 0.770 – 0.875 | [64] | |
SOFA | 0.830 | 0.774 – 0.878 | |||||
Angiogenic growth factor | Angiopoietin | 28-day mortality | Sepsis [1] (n = 145) | Angpt-2/1 | 0.736 | 0.649 – 0.823 | [90] |
SOFA | 0.745 | 0.655 – 0.836 | |||||
28-day mortality | Sepsis [95] (n = 333), control (n = 55) | Angpt-2/1 | 0.845 | 0.810 – 0.880 | [91] | ||
PCT | 0.732 | 0.685 – 0.780 | |||||
MEDS score | 0.826 | 0.785 – 0.866 | |||||
Non-coding RNAs | miRNA | 28-day mortality | Sepsis [93] (n = 214) | miR-223 | 0.748 | P <0.001 | [71] |
miR-15a | 0.610 | P = 0.015 | |||||
miR-16 | 0.760 | P <0.001 | |||||
miR-122 | 0.744 | P <0.001 | |||||
miR-193b | 0.790 | P <0.001 | |||||
miR-483-5p | 0.657 | P <0.001 | |||||
Lnc-NEAT1 | 28-day mortality | Sepsis [93] (n = 82), healthy (n = 82) | Lnc-NEAT1 | 0.726 | 0.615 – 0.837 | [79] | |
miR-124 | miR-124 | 0.784 | 0.668 – 0.900 | ||||
Lnc-NEAT1/miR-124 axis | 0.830 | 0.738 – 0.922 | |||||
Lnc-MALAT1 | Mortality | Sepsis [1] (n = 120), healthy controls (n = 60) | Lnc-MALAT1 | 0.886 | 0.819 – 0.954 | [83] | |
Lactate | 0.868 | 0.800 – 0.937 | |||||
SOFA | 0.943 | 0.905 – 0.981 | |||||
APACHE II | 0.856 | 0.802 – 0.934 | |||||
Lnc-MEG3 | 28-day mortality | Sepsis [1] (n = 219), healthy (n = 219) | Lnc-MEG3 | 0.704 | 0.626 – 0.783 | [84] | |
APACHE II | 0.793 | 0.729 – 0.857 | |||||
SOFA | 0.758 | 0.687 – 0.830 |
AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference; suPAR, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; PCT, procalcitonin; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; APACHE II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; PTX-3, pentraxin-3; MR-proADM, mid-regional fragment of pro-adrenomedullin; ADM, adrenomedullin; Angpt, angiopoietin; MEDS, mortality in emergency department sepsis; NEAT, nuclear enriched abundant transcript; MALAT, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript; MEG, maternally expressed gene.