Table 3. Comparison of the clinical and microbiological characteristics of the carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) infected/colonized index cases as a function of their transmission to other patients.
| Variable | Transmitted (N = 27) | Not transmitted (N = 184) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 62.5 (48.5–70.0) | 63.0 (53.0–72.0) | 0.45 | |
| Male | 8 (33) | 57 (31) | 0.78 | |
| Days from admission to CPE infection /colonization, median (IQR) | 14.0 (3.5–33.8) | 20.0 (6.0–42.0) | 0.31 | |
| Type of infection | ||||
| Hospital-acquired infection | 20 (83) | 149 (80) | 0.79 | |
| Community-acquired infection | 0 | 13 (7) | 0.37 | |
| Healthcare-associated infection | 4 (17) | 24 (13) | 0.54 | |
| Source of isolated specimen | ||||
| Blood | 4 (17) | 37 (20) | 1.00 | |
| Sputum | 3 (13) | 27 (14) | 1.00 | |
| Urine | 8 (33) | 48 (26) | 0.42 | |
| Stool | 4 (17) | 19 (10) | 0.31 | |
| Wound | 1 (4) | 35 (19) | 0.09 | |
| Bile fluid | 1 (4) | 15 (8) | 1.00 | |
| Catheter | 1 (4) | 0 | 0.11 | |
| Ascitic fluid | 2 (8) | 6 (3) | 0.23 | |
| Enterobacteriaceae spp. | ||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 16 (67) | 90 (48) | 0.09 | |
| Enterobacter spp. | 4 (17) | 39 (21) | 0.79 | |
| Escherichia coli | 0 | 16 (9) | 0.23 | |
| Citrobacter freundii | 2 (8) | 14 (8) | 0.70 | |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | 1 (4) | 22 (12) | 0.48 | |
| Serratia marcescens | 0 | 6 (3) | 1.00 | |
| Morganella morganii | 1 (4) | 0 | 0.11 | |
| Carbapenemase type | ||||
| KPC | 10 (42) | 42 (23) | 0.04 | |
| NDM-1 | 11 (46) | 98 (52) | 0.54 | |
| VIM | 3 (13) | 39 (21) | 0.43 | |
| OXA | 0 | 6 (3) | 1.00 | |
| Non-specified | 0 | 2 (1) | 1.00 | |
| Underlying disease | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (42) | 55 (29) | 0.24 | |
| Liver diseasea | 6 (25) | 39 (20) | 0.60 | |
| Immunosuppressive state | 7 (29) | 43 (23) | 0.50 | |
| Hematologic malignancy | 1 (4) | 15 (8) | 1.00 | |
| Solid cancer | 7 (29) | 67 (36) | 0.52 | |
| Renal failure | 8 (33) | 28 (15) | 0.04 | |
| COPD | 0 | 7 (4) | 1.00 | |
| Risk factor for CPE infection | ||||
| Previous broad-spectrum antibiotics use | 23 (96) | 170 (91) | 0.70 | |
| Previous carbapenem use | 13 (54) | 72 (39) | 0.14 | |
| Previous ICU admission | 13 (54) | 85 (46) | 0.42 | |
| Previous surgery | 14 (58) | 102 (55) | 0.73 | |
| Indwelling catheter | 20 (83) | 176 (94) | 0.08 | |
| Invasive infection | 12 (50) | 108 (58) | 0.47 | |
| 3-month mortality | 5 (21) | 33 (18) | 0.78 | |
| Type of room | ||||
| Two-bed room | 3 (13) | 31 (17) | 0.77 | |
| Multi-patient room | 17 (70) | 118 (63) | 0.46 | |
| Intensive Care Unit | 4 (17) | 38 (20) | 0.79 | |
Data are presented as number of patients (%), unless otherwise specified.
IQR, interquatile range; KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase; NDM-1, New Delhi metallo- beta-lactamase; VIM, verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase; OXA, oxacillin carbapenemase; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit.