Table 1.
Demographic, physical, and clinical characteristics of patients
| CON | DM | CHF | D‐HF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants [% (n)] | 22 (25) | 9 (10) | 45 (52) | 24 (28) |
| Male [% (n)] | 64 (16) | −90 (9) | 83 (43) | 86 (24) |
| Age (years) | 72.2 ± 2.0 | 74.5 ± 1.9 | 71.6 ± 1.6 | 71.4 ± 1.9 |
| Weight (kg) | 81.0 ± 3.4 | 105.6 ± 8.9** | 81.0 ± 2.6† | 88.6 ± 3.3‡ |
| BMI | 27.8 ± 1.1 | 33.3 ± 2.6 | 27.9 ± 0.8 | 28.8 ± 1.6 |
| V̇O2peak (mL·kg−1·min−1) | 15.3 ± 0.9 | 13.0 ± 0.6 | ||
| Clinical factors | ||||
| NYHA functional class [% (n)] | ||||
| I | 7.7 (4) | 3.6 (1) | ||
| II | 55.8 (29) | 50.0 (14) | ||
| III | 36.5 (19) | 46.4 (13) | ||
| Ischaemic aetiology [% (n)] | 61.5 (32) | 64.3 (18) | ||
| DCM aetiology [% (n)] | 25.0 (13) | 25.0 (7) | ||
| AF [% (n)] | 48.0 (12) | 30.0 (3) | 17.3 (9) | 28.6 (8) |
| CABG [% (n)] | 28.0 (7) | 10.0 (1) | 21.2 (11) | 25.0 (7) |
| Hypertension [% (n)] | 36.0 (9) | 60.0 (6) | 32.7 (17) | 57.1 (16) |
| LVEF (%) | 24.8 ± 1.9 | 30.2 ± 2.2 | ||
| LVIDd (mm) | 58.5 ± 1.4 | 58.4 ± 1.9 | ||
| Haemoglobin (g·L−1) | 134.1 ± 3.7 | 140.8 ± 4.8 | 138.8 ± 2.2 | 128.1 ± 4.6 |
| Sodium (mmol·L−1) | 138.9 ± 0.8 | 136.3 ± 1.4 | 139.4 ± 0.7 | 132.8 ± 5.5 |
| Potassium (mmol·L−1) | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.1 |
| Creatinine (μmol·mL−1) | 86.9 ± 4.0 | 106.7 ± 9.3 | 101.1 ± 5.9 | 106.3 ± 9.4 |
| eGFR (mL·min−1·1.73 m−2) | 69.4 ± 3.2 | 51.8 ± 5.5** | 60.8 ± 2.6* | 55.4 ± 3.6** |
| Plasma Glucose (mmol·L−1) | 9.3 ± 1.9 | 8.1 ± 0.6 | ||
| HbA1c (mmol·mol−1) | 50.5 ± 6.9 | 62.3 ± 3.3 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SEM unless otherwise stated. AF, atrial fibrillation; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diameter at diastole; NYHA, New York Heart Association; V̇O2peak, peak pulmonary oxygen uptake.
*
P < 0.05 vs. CON.
**
P < 0.01 vs. CON.
†
P < 0.05 vs. DM.
‡
P < 0.01 vs. DM.