Figure 7.

Effects of AdipoRon treatment on human myotubes challenged by pro‐inflammatory cytokines. (A–D) mRNA levels of TNFα, (E–H) mRNA levels of IL‐1β, and (I–L) mRNA levels of utrophin A in primary culture of human DMD or healthy myotubes. Cells were treated with or without AdipoRon (25 μM), while being challenged or not with TNFα (10 ng/mL) and IFNγ (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. In some conditions (B, D, F, H, J, L), cells were first transfected (24 h) with siRNA against AdipoR1 (50 nM) or a negative [non‐targeting, siNT (50 nM)] control. mRNA levels were normalized to human TATA box‐binding protein. The subsequent ratios are presented as relative expression compared with basal conditions (i.e. no inflammation and no AdipoRon, represented by green columns) or to siNT conditions (orange columns). For DMD myotubes, data are means ± standard deviation; n = 5 cultures from five different DMD patients. For healthy myotubes, data are means ± standard deviation; n = 6 independent cultures from three different healthy subjects (each run twice at two different time points and for each time, from a new vial of cryopreserved myoblasts). Each patient or subject is represented as its own control. Statistical analysis was performed on raw paired data, using two‐tailed Student's t‐test (B, D, F, H, J, L) and two‐way analysis of variance followed by Sidak's multiple comparisons test (A, C, E, G, I, K). ^** P < 0.01, ^*** P < 0.001, ^**** P < 0.0001 for indicated conditions.