Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of the entire study population

		Non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)
	Healthy control (n = 22)	Non‐cachexia (n = 11)	Cachexia (n = 15)
Gender (male/female)	13/9	9/2	8/7
Age (years)	61.4 ± 7.0	63.3 ± 10.3	58.9 ± 7.8
Height (m)	1.73 ± 0.10	1.76 ± 0.06	1.72 ± 0.10
Body weight loss (kg)	0 ± 0	1.3 ± 1.1a	9.7 ± 3.9b , c
Body weight loss (%)	0 ± 0	1.7 ± 1.3a	12.7 ± 4.9b , c
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2)	24.1 ± 3.3	25.3 ± 3.4	23.1 ± 4.9
Fat mass index (FMI) (kg/m2)	6.5 ± 2.5	7.6 ± 2.8	6.8 ± 3.1
Fat‐free mass index (FFMI) (kg/m2)	18.4 ± 2.2	18.2 ± 1.8	16.6 ± 2.8b
Appendicular skeletal muscle index (kg/m2)	7.7 ± 1.0	7.1 ± 0.84	6.2 ± 0.97b , c
IL‐6 (pg/mL)	42.6 (34.79)	55.7 (44.82)	130.6 (81.199)b , c
CRP (mg/L)	1.0 (0.5. 1.5)	9.5 (5, 40)a	49.5 (25.86)b , c
Disease stage (IIIB/IV)	—	4/7	4/11
Histology (adeno/squamous cell)	—	8/3	8/7
Peak torque flexion 60° (N·m)	73.9 ± 20.8	57.3 ± 19.7a	37.4 ± 16.7b , c
Peak torque extension 60° (N·m)	120.0 ± 31.2	92.1 ± 27.8a	63.6 ± 28.3b , c

CRP, C‐reactive protein; IL, interleukin.

Cachexia was defined as body weight loss of >5% in the past 6 months or body weight loss of >2% in combination with either a BMI < 20 kg/m² or an appendicular skeletal muscle index consistent with sarcopenia determined by DEXA (male <7.26 kg/m²; female <5.45 kg/m²). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variables and as median (inter‐quartile range) for variables that were not normally distributed. Significance was calculated by one‐factor analysis of variance and least significant difference post hoc testing for normally distributed variables and by Mann–Whitney U test for variables that were not normally distributed.

^a P < 0.05 (non‐cachexia compared with control subjects)

^b P < 0.05 (cachexia compared with control subjects).

^c P < 0.05 (non‐cachexia compared with cachexia).