Table 2.
Adjusted odds ratios by grip strength, gait speed, and other risk factors for post‐operative complication
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous | |||
| Grip strength (per kg) | 1.101 (1.056–1.148)*** | 1.097 (1.05 2–1.144)*** | 1.081 (1.034–1.130)*** |
| Gait speed (per 0.1 m/s)d | 1.199 (1.066–1.349)** | 1.212 (1.069–1.375)** | 1.186 (1.037–1.357)* |
| MFS | 1.605 (1.409–1.827)*** | 1.614 (1.401–1.860)*** | 1.594 (1.354–1.875)*** |
| Categorical | |||
| Slow gait speed (≤0.8 m/s) | 2.880 (1.654–5.015)*** | 3.175 (1.777–5.674)*** | 2.595 (1.395–4.828)** |
| Low grip strengthe | 2.736 (1.575–4.755)*** | 2.711 (1.539–4.774)** | 2.345 (1.284–4.283)** |
| ASA classificationf | 2.550 (1.582–4.110)*** | 2.653 (1.592–4.422)*** | 2.499 (1.420–4.399)** |
| High‐risk MFS (>8) | 10.693 (5.033–22.716)*** | 10.009 (4.534–22.094)*** | 7.439 (3.186–17.366)*** |
Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval). ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; MFS, multidimensional frailty score.
a
Adjusted by age, sex, and body mass index.
b
Adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, and type of surgery.
c
Adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, type of surgery, and white blood cell count, haemoglobin, total cholesterol, protein, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine.
d
Data were missing for 51 patients.
e
Low grip strength is defined as grip strength of <28.6 kg (male) and <16.4 kg (female).
f
Data were missing for 19 patients.
*
P < 0.05.
**
P < 0.01.
***
P < 0.001.