Table 4.
Distribution of Categorical Demographic Characteristics of Participants (n = 100) by Hepatitis E Virus Antibody Persistence Status, Matlab, Bangladesh, 2015
| Characteristic | HEV Antibody Status at Follow-up | P Valuea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive (n = 80) | Negative (n = 20) | ||||
| No. of Persons | % | No. of Persons | % | ||
| Age at HEV infection, years | <0.0001 | ||||
| <10 | 5 | 6.3 | 9 | 45.0 | |
| 10–19 | 16 | 20.0 | 5 | 25.0 | |
| 20–29 | 13 | 16.3 | 4 | 20.0 | |
| 30–39 | 14 | 17.5 | 2 | 10.0 | |
| 40–49 | 20 | 25.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| 50–59 | 8 | 10.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| ≥60 | 4 | 5.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Sex | 0.841 | ||||
| Male | 38 | 47.5 | 10 | 50.0 | |
| Female | 42 | 52.5 | 10 | 50.0 | |
| Gravidity (no. of pregnancies)b | 0.000 | ||||
| 0 | 1 | 2.5 | 4 | 40.0 | |
| 1–3 | 22 | 55.0 | 6 | 60.0 | |
| >3 | 17 | 42.5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Severity of HEV infection | 0.062 | ||||
| Asymptomatic | 54 | 67.5 | 9 | 45.0 | |
| Symptomatic | 26 | 32.5 | 11 | 55.0 | |
| Body mass indexc | |||||
| <18.5 | 16 | 22.2 | 2 | 81.8 | 0.762 |
| ≥18.5 | 56 | 77.8 | 9 | 18.2 | |
| MUAC, cmd | |||||
| <22.5 | 9 | 11.4 | 1 | 6.7 | 0.541 |
| ≥22.5 | 70 | 88.6 | 15 | 93.3 | |
| Occupation | 0.014 | ||||
| Housework/none | 35 | 43.7 | 9 | 45.0 | |
| Farmer/fisherman/laborer | 14 | 17.5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Business owner | 15 | 18.7 | 3 | 15.0 | |
| Office-based service | 5 | 6.3 | 1 | 5.0 | |
| Student | 6 | 7.5 | 7 | 35.0 | |
| Other | 5 | 6.3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Type of work | 0.116 | ||||
| Indoor | 49 | 61.3 | 16 | 80.0 | |
| Outdoor | 31 | 38.7 | 4 | 20.0 | |
| Self-reported hepatitis (last 10 years) | 24 | 30.0 | 10 | 50.0 | 0.091 |
| Contact with a jaundice patient (last 10 years) | 35 | 43.8 | 10 | 50.0 | 0.615 |
| Receiving injections (last 10 years) | 49 | 61.3 | 17 | 85.0 | 0.045 |
| Injected contraceptive (past year)b | 6 | 15.0 | 1 | 10.0 | 0.684 |
| Receiving blood transfusion(s) | 3 | 3.8 | 0 | 0 | 0.379 |
| Drinking water source | 0.363 | ||||
| Tube well | 66 | 82.5 | 19 | 95.0 | |
| River | 2 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Other | 12 | 15.0 | 1 | 5.0 | |
| Type of toilet | 0.762 | ||||
| Unsanitary (open/hanging/pit) | 35 | 43.7 | 8 | 40.0 | |
| Sanitary (sealed/slab/flush) | 45 | 56.3 | 12 | 60.0 | |
| Hand-washing | |||||
| Before eating | 80 | 100.0 | 20 | 100.0 | 1.000 |
| After defecation | 80 | 100.0 | 20 | 100.0 | 1.000 |
| Eating outside the home, times/week | 0.435 | ||||
| 0 (never) | 47 | 58.8 | 13 | 65.0 | |
| <7 | 15 | 18.7 | 5 | 25.0 | |
| ≥7 | 18 | 22.5 | 2 | 10.0 | |
| Animal(s) owned by household | |||||
| Cow | 27 | 33.8 | 5 | 25.0 | 0.453 |
| Goat/sheep | 6 | 7.5 | 2 | 10.0 | 0.712 |
| Chicken/duck | 44 | 55.0 | 15 | 75.0 | 0.104 |
| Rats in the homee | 78 | 98.7 | 19 | 95.0 | 0.289 |
Abbreviations: HEV, hepatitis E virus; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference.
a Two-sided P value (χ2 test).
b Among married women aged 12 years or older (n = 40 seropositive at follow-up; n = 10 seronegative at follow-up).
c Weight (kg)/height (m)2. Comparison was restricted to participants aged 20 years or older (n = 72 seropositive at follow-up; n = 11 seronegative at follow-up).
d Comparison was restricted to participants aged 15 years or older (n = 79 seropositive at follow-up; n = 16 seronegative at follow-up).
e Seen in household in the last 30 days.