Figure 4.

Interleukin (IL)‐17 activates intercellular signaling of osteogenesis via IL‐6 and IL‐1β. Anti‐IL‐6 and anti‐IL‐1β antibodies were used in the IL‐17–induced coculture (CC) system. Both antibodies could effectively inhibit (a,b) the formation of mineral nodules, (c) the mRNA expression of ALP, RUNX2, OCN, and COL‐1 and (d) AKT, STAT3, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the control‐MSCs CC and MLO‐Y4 CC at Day 14 after IL‐17 treatment; albeit, the effects of IL‐1β neutralization were weaker than that of IL‐6. ALP, alkaline phosphatase; COL‐1, collagen‐1; ERK1/2, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2; mRNA, messenger RNA; OCN, osteocalcin; RUNX2, runt‐related transcription factor 2; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3