Table 1.
Antiviral activities of different extracts or components from Chinese herbs.
| Active extracts | Example of plant source | Antiviral actions | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aqueous extract of Prunella vulgaris | The purified bioactive extract from P. vulgaris L. fruitspikes. | Prevention of hiv attachment to CD4 receptors, and suppression of HIV-1 entry by disrupting the gp41 six-helix bundle formation. Inactivation of HSV-1 directly, blocked HSV-1 binding to Vero cells, and inhibited HSV-1 penetration into Vero cells. |
Liu et al., 2002; Tabba et al., 1989, Yao et al., 1992; Zhang et al., 2007 |
| Ginsenoside | Ginsenoside is a class of steroid glycosides, purified from Panaxginseng C.A. Meyer | Ginsenoside has effective anti-hepatitis B virus activity mediated by interrupting virus adsorption on host cell, DNA replication and secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen. |
Kang et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2014; Li et al., 2001 |
| Andrographolide | A major bioactive chemical constituent of Andrographis paniculata | Andrographolide was reported for anti-HSV-1 and anti-hiv activity in vitro. The inhibitory effects the compound on viral entry and replication steps. | Chang et al., 1991, Seubsasana et al., 2011 |
| Spirulina polysaccharide | A natural sulfated polysaccharide, isolated from Spirulina platensis | Spirulina polysaccharide was shown to target viral absorption, penetration stages and some replication stages after penetration into cells. |
Hayashi et al., 1996a, Hayashi, 2008; Hayashi et al., 1996b |
| Lentinan | A polysaccharide isolated from a common edible mushroom, Lentinus edodes | The sulfated lentinan exhibits a potent anti-HIV activity by suppressing viral adsorption to the cells and reverse transcriptase. | Yoshida et al., 1988 |
| Diammonium glycyrrhizinate(DG) | DG was extracted and purified from Liquorices (Radix glycyrrhizae) | Anti-hepatitis B virus by reducing transport to the membrane and sialylation of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Anti-HIV by reduction of membrane fluidity lending to inhibition of fusion. The antiviral activity against SARS related coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, arboviruses, vaccinia virus and vesicular stomatitis virus, also have been revealed in vitro studies. |
Fiore et al., 2008, HARADA, 2005; Sato et al., 1996 |