Table 2.

Summary of general evidence of effectiveness by study (N=51).

Evidence of effectivenes?	Physical activity (PA) [24,25,29-39], n	Diet [22,23,40-49], n	Diet and PAa [50-60], n	Mental health [26,61-63], n	Smoking cessation [28,64-71], n	Reduce alcohol [27,72], n	Total, n (%)
No	4	3	7	1	7	1	23 (45)
Some	4	5	4	2	1	0	16 (31)
Yes	5	4b	0	1	1	1	12 (23)
Total	13	12	11	4	9	2	51 (100)

^aThe studies in the diet and physical activity category reported on dietary and physical activity outcomes, whereas the studies in the previous 2 columns reported on either diet or physical activity.

^bTwo of these studies report on the same trial (one at 12 weeks and the other at the end of the 12-month trial) [22,47]. Both have been included in this table, but if one were excluded, there would be significant evidence for 22% (11/50) studies.